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In recent years, the industrial environment has been changing radically due to the introduction of concepts and technologies based on the fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. After the introduction of Industry 4.0 in large enterprises, SMEs have moved into the focus, as they are the backbone of many economies. Small organizations are increasingly proactive in improving their operational processes, which is a good starting point for introducing the new concepts of Industry 4.0. The readiness of SME-adapted Industry 4.0 concepts and the organizational capability of SMEs to meet this challenge exist only in some areas. This reveals the need for further research and action plans for preparing SMEs in a technical and organizational direction. Therefore, special research and investigations are needed for the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies and concepts in SMEs. SMEs will only achieve Industry 4.0 by following SME-customized implementation strategies and approaches and realizing SME-adapted concepts and technological solutions. Thus, this Special Issue represents a collection of theoretical models as well as practical case studies related to the introduction of Industry 4.0 concepts in small- and medium-sized enterprises.

latent semantic analysis --- virtual quality management --- concept investigation --- concept disambiguation --- knowledge discovery --- sustainable methodologies --- small and medium sized enterprises --- material handling systems --- simulation --- ARENA®, time study --- overall equipment effectiveness --- manufacturing performance --- Industry 4.0 --- manufacturing sustainability --- manufacturing process model --- business process management --- hierarchical clustering --- similarity --- BPMN --- human factors --- cyber-physical systems --- cyber-physical production systems --- anthropocentric design --- Operator 4.0 --- human–machine interaction --- energy efficient operation --- manufacturing system --- stochastic event --- digital twin --- Max-plus Algebra --- MATLAB-Simulink --- advanced manufacturing --- industry 4.0 --- SME --- technology adoption model --- assembly supply chain --- sustainability --- complexity indicators --- testing criteria --- SMEs --- e-business modelling --- LSP Lifecycle Model --- Quality Function Deployment --- Best-Worst Method --- Internet of Things --- India --- awareness --- small and medium-sized enterprises --- assessment model --- collaborative robotics --- physical ergonomics --- human-robot collaboration --- human-centered design --- assembly --- small and medium sized enterprise --- positive complexity --- negative complexity --- infeasible configurations --- product platform --- customer’s perception --- assessment --- field study --- smart manufacturing --- cloud platform --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- deep learning --- smart logistics --- logistics 4.0 --- smart technologies --- sustainable agriculture --- plant factory