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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound for hardening and clearing polycarbonate plastics. BPA is mainly classified as an estrogen-like endocrine-disrupting chemical. In the last decade, attention has arisen in scientific communities that it is not safe to use this chemical in mainly polycarbonate plastics. Exposure to BPA starts in prenatal period, which is the critical period for its toxic effects on different organs. Throughout this book, the readers will obtain information on the effects of BPA on different systems. They will also get information on the prenatal and postnatal effects of BPA. We believe that readers will get qualified scientific knowledge and a general overview of the toxic effects of BPA exposure and its consequences from this book.

Bisphenol A. --- Bishydroxyphenlypropane --- DIAN (Chemical) --- Isopropylidenediphenol --- Phenols --- Life Sciences --- Genetics and Molecular Biology --- Chemical Biology --- Biochemistry --- Bioorganic Chemistry

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Molecularly imprinted polymers are materials that have voids that are complementary in shape, size, and electronic environment to a specific molecule used for preparation, known as the template. These voids are specific recognition sites that bind the templates preferentially and are used specifically for biomimetic sensors and for solid-phase extraction. Because the specific surface is very important during this process, the use of films and membranes is preferred. This book contains four articles dedicated to sensor application (three research articles and one review) and one research article dedicated to solid-phase extraction.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- sol-gel --- molecularly imprinted films --- bisphenol A --- organosilane monomer --- molecularly imprinted polymer --- optical sensor --- plastic optical fiber --- surface plasmon resonance --- 2-furaldehyde --- vegetable oil --- waste plastic --- polyethylene terephthalate --- electrospinning --- 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine --- adsorption --- copper ion --- nanofibre --- molecularly imprinted layers --- surface polymerization --- electropolymerization --- sol–gel derived techniques --- phase inversion --- electroactive pastes and inks --- amyloid β-42 --- molecularly imprinted polymers --- potentiometric sensor --- Alzheimer biomarker --- n/a --- sol-gel derived techniques

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Microelectrode arrays are increasingly used in a wide variety of situations in the medical device sector. For example, one major challenge in microfluidic devices is the manipulation of fluids and droplets effectively at such scales. Due to the laminar flow regime (i.e., low Reynolds number) in microfluidic devices, the mixing of species is also difficult, and unless an active mixing strategy is employed, passive diffusion is the only mechanism that causes the fluid to mix. For many applications, diffusion is considered too slow, and thus many active pumping and mixing strategies have been employed using electrokinetic methods, which utilize a variety of simple and complex microelectrode array structures. Microelectrodes have also been implemented in in vitro intracellular delivery platforms to conduct cell electroporation on chip, where a highly localized electric field on the scale of a single cell is generated to enhance the uptake of extracellular material. In addition, microelectrode arrays are utilized in different microfluidic biosensing modalities, where a higher sensitivity, selectivity, and limit-of-detection are desired. Carbon nanotube microelectrode arrays are used for DNA detection, multi-electrode array chips are used for drug discovery, and there has been an explosion of research into brain–machine interfaces, fueled by microfabricated electrode arrays, both planar and three-dimensional. The advantages associated with microelectrode arrays include small size, the ability to manufacture repeatedly and reliably tens to thousands of micro-electrodes on both rigid and flexible substrates, and their utility for both in vitro and in vivo applications. To realize their full potential, there is a need to develop and integrate microelectrode arrays to form useful medical device systems. As the field of microelectrode array research is wide, and touches many application areas, it is often difficult to locate a single source of relevant information. This Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles, that focus on the application of microelectrode arrays in the medical device sector. Particular interest will be paid to innovative application areas that can improve existing medical devices, such as for neuromodulation and real world lab-on-a-chip applications.

electrothermal --- microelectrode --- microfluidics --- micromixing --- micropump --- alternating current (AC) electrokinetics --- bisphenol A --- self-assembly --- biosensor --- flexible electrode --- polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) --- pyramid array micro-structures --- low contact impedance --- multimodal laser micromachining --- ablation characteristics --- shadow mask --- interdigitated electrodes --- soft sensors --- liquid metal --- fabrication --- principle --- arrays --- application --- induced-charge electrokinetic phenomenon --- ego-dielectrophoresis --- mobile electrode --- Janus microsphere --- continuous biomolecule collection --- electroconvection --- microelectrode array (MEA) --- ion beam assisted electron beam deposition (IBAD) --- indium tin oxide (ITO) --- titanium nitride (TiN) --- neurons --- transparent --- islets of Langerhans --- insulin secretion --- glucose stimulated insulin response --- electrochemical transduction --- intracortical microelectrode arrays --- shape memory polymer --- softening --- robust --- brain tissue oxygen --- in vivo monitoring --- multi-site clinical depth electrode --- n/a

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This Special Issue, “Research as a Development Perspective”, is dedicated to data presented at the first Conference in Chemistry for Graduate/Postgraduate Students and PhD candidates at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, which was the outcome of research conducted by young chemists in Northern Greece. The conference was organized by the Chemistry Department at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, the Association of Greek Chemists-Division of Central and Western Macedonia, and the Association of Chemists in Northern Greece. The scope of this conference was to provide young chemists (but also last year’s students) with the opportunity to be well prepared for their next career steps in an increasingly demanding job market. Moreover, they had the possibility of presenting their scientific results to a large audience, which strengthened their soft skills. Lastly, the active engagement of students in the organization of the conference enhanced their teamwork abilities, a highly valuable when developing professional maturity.

HPLC-DAD --- bisphenol A --- 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid --- 4-Hydroxyacetophenone hydroquinone --- Lactococcus lactis --- reversed-phase liquid chromatography --- ionizable and non-ionizable analytes --- isocratic and gradient elution in different eluent pHs --- computer-assisted separation optimization --- visualization of predicted chromatograms --- silk fibroin --- drug delivery --- magnetic silk fibroin --- bovine serum albumin --- food --- sample preparation techniques --- sulfonamides --- high-performance liquid chromatography --- HPLC --- ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography --- UHPLC --- Derveni --- Ancient Macedonia --- micro-XRF --- XRD --- HS-SPME/GC-MS --- ancient medicines --- ancient pharmaceuticals --- shellfish purple --- porphyra --- high-tin bronzes --- bronzes --- phosphorus --- boron --- inductively coupled plasma --- atomic emission spectrometry --- fertilizers --- acid dissolution --- wet digestion --- NSAIDs --- derivatization --- GC-MS --- serum

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common adverse medical conditions that occurs during pregnancy, and its prevalence is rising as part of a diabetes pandemic. Nutrition plays a key role in GDM, whether (1) as part of an ‘unhealthy’ diet, which contributes to its cause, or (2) as part of changes in dietary intake, which act as the frontline treatment for GDM (sometimes supplemented with exercise and pharmacological intervention). Dietary changes, therefore, can alter the risk of developing GDM in the first place, and once GDM has emerged during pregnancy, dietary changes can mitigate the risk of developing GDM-related complications, such as macrosomia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia and jaundice in the neonate, pre eclampsia, increased need for caesarean section and placental abruption in the mother. In this Special Issue, we aim to highlight the role of nutrition in the aetiology of GDM, whether directly or indirectly through weight gain and obesity, and in its role as a GDM treatment to lower hyperglycemia and the risk of the aforementioned complications.

microbiome --- pregnancy --- obesity --- ketonuria --- Roseburia --- diet --- food frequency questionnaire --- glucose --- insulin secretion --- human milk --- breastfeeding --- gestational diabetes mellitus --- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus --- preterm newborn --- gestational diabetes --- dietary patterns --- maternal nutrition --- dietary adaptations --- glycemic index --- postprandial glycemic response --- blood glucose prediction --- diabetes --- gestational weight gain --- macrosomia --- adiposity --- neonate --- exercise --- physical activity --- dietary carbohydrates --- diabetes-specific formula --- continuous glucose monitoring --- glycemic variability --- carbohydrate distribution --- mean amplitude of glucose --- breakfast diet --- platelet-activating factor --- tumor necrosis factor α --- methylglyoxal --- glycated albumin --- endocrine disruptors --- endocrine-disrupting chemicals --- bisphenol A --- BPA --- phthalates --- pregnancy outcomes --- eating speed --- cohort study --- prevention --- nutrition --- polyphenolic compounds --- bioactive compounds --- leptin resistance --- inflammation --- Mediterranean diet --- n/a