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The only book of its kind, Crystalline Bacterial Cell Surface Proteins assembles present-day understanding of the occurrence, structure, chemistry, genetics, assembly, function, and application potential of S-layers. The chapters are designed to stand independent of each other and provide a complete survey of the different topics in S-layer research. This book is intended to stimulate further development in basic and applied S-layer research.Key Features* Assembles present-day understanding of S-layers* Provides a detailed survey of the entire field of basic and applied
Bacterial cell surfaces. --- Bacterial proteins. --- Microbial proteins --- Bacterial cell surface --- Bacterial surface --- Bacterial surfaces --- Bacterial cell walls --- Hydrophobic surfaces
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Mycobacteria are responsible for many high-profile diseases in both humans and animals including leprosy, Buruli ulcer, Johne's disease, and most notably, tuberculosis. The Mycobacterial Cell Envelope explains the unique characteristics that cause this large group of bacteria to function differently.
Mycobacterium --- Cell Membrane --- Cell Wall --- Mycobacteria. --- Bacterial cell walls --- Mycobactériacées --- Bactéries --- cytology. --- metabolism. --- pathogenicity. --- Paroi cellulaire --- Mycobacteria --- Cell wall --- cytology --- metabolism --- pathogenicity --- Bacterial cell walls. --- Bacterial membranes --- Cell walls, Bacterial --- Bacteria --- Cell membranes --- Mycobacteriaceae --- Actinomycetales --- Mycobacterium - cytology --- Cell Membrane - metabolism --- Cell wall - metabolism --- Mycobacterium - pathogenicity
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Microbial cell wall structures play a significant role in maintaining cells’ shape, as protecting layers against harmful agents, in cell adhesion and in positive and negative biological activities with host cells. All prokaryotes, whether they are bacteria or archaea, rely on their surface polymers for these multiple functions. Their surfaces serve as the indispensable primary interfaces between the cell and its surroundings, often mediating or catalyzing important interactions. Prokaryotic Cell Wall Compounds summarizes the current state of knowledge on the prokaryotic cell wall. Topics concerning bacterial and archaeal polymeric cell wall structures, biological activities, growth and inhibition, cell wall interactions and the applications of cell wall components, especially in the field of nanobiotechnology, are presented.
Biochemistry. --- Cytology. --- Immunology. --- Life sciences. --- Microbiology. --- Prokaryotes --- Bacterial cell walls --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Cells --- Cellular Structures --- Organisms --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Chemistry --- Physiology --- Bacteria --- Prokaryotic Cells --- Cell Wall --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Anatomy --- Biology --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Bacterial cell walls. --- Prokaryotes. --- Monera --- Procaryotae --- Procaryotes --- Prokaryonta --- Prokaryotae --- Prokaryotic protists --- Bacterial membranes --- Cell walls, Bacterial --- Medical microbiology. --- Cell biology. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Cell Biology. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Cell membranes --- Microorganisms --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cytologists --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Microbial biology --- Composition
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Cell membranes --- Bacterial cell walls --- Fungal cell walls --- Plant cell walls --- Oomycetes --- Parasites --- Bacterial cell walls. --- Cell membranes. --- Fungal cell walls. --- Oomycetes. --- Parasites. --- Plant cell walls. --- Cell Wall. --- Cell Membrane. --- Cytoplasmic Membrane --- Plasma Membrane --- Cell Membranes --- Cytoplasmic Membranes --- Membrane, Cell --- Membrane, Cytoplasmic --- Membrane, Plasma --- Membranes, Cell --- Membranes, Cytoplasmic --- Membranes, Plasma --- Plasma Membranes --- Membranes --- Cell Walls --- Wall, Cell --- Walls, Cell --- Animal parasites --- Animals --- Epizoa --- Parasitic animals --- Parasitic organisms --- Pests --- Phycomycetes --- Cell walls, Plant --- Plant cells and tissues --- Cell walls, Fungal --- Fungi --- Bacterial membranes --- Cell walls, Bacterial --- Bacteria --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Cytology --- cell surfaces --- extracellular polymers --- plasma membranes --- cell walls
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Cancer remains a major challenge for modern society. Not only does cancer rank among the first three causes of mortality in most population groups but also the therapeutic options available for most tumor types are limited. The existing ones have limited efficacy, lack specificity and their administration carry major side effects. Hence the urgent need for novel cancer therapies. One of the most promising avenues in research is the use of specific immunotherapy. The notion that the immune system may have important anti-tumor effects has been around for more than a century now. Every major progress in microbiology and immunology has been immediately followed by attempts to apply the new knowledge to the treatment of cancer. Progress has reached a point where it is well established that most cancer patients mount specific T cell responses against their tumors. The molecular identity of the antigens recognized by anti-tumor T cells has been elucidated and several hundreds of tumor-derived antigenic peptides have been discovered. Upon recognition of such peptides presented by self MHC molecules, both CD8 and CD4 T cells are activated, expand to high numbers and differentiate into effective anti-tumor agents. CD8 T cells directly destroy tumor cells and can cause even large tumors to completely regress in experimental mouse models. These observations have spurred intense research activity aimed at designing and testing cancer vaccines. Over 100 years ago Coley successfully used intratumoral injection of killed bacteria to treat sarcomas. The important anti-tumor effects observed in a fraction of these patients fueled major research efforts. These led to major discoveries in the 80s and the 90s. It turns out that bacterial lipopolysaccharides stimulate the production of massive amounts of a cytokine still known today as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a). They do so by engagement of a rather complex set of interactions culminating in the ligation of a Toll-like receptor, TLR -4. Ensuing signaling through this receptor initiates potent innate immune responses. Unfortunately the clinical use of both TNF-a and LPS can not be generalized due to their very narrow therapeutic margin. Importantly, synthetic Lipid A analogs have been identified that retain useful bioactivity and yet possess only mild toxicity. The relatively large body of information accumulated thus far on the molecular and cellular interactions set in motion by administration of LPS as well as by the synthetic lipid A analogs allow to place this family of bacterially-derived molecules at the crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity. By virtue of this key position, the therapeutic applications being pursued aim at using these compounds either as direct anti-tumor agents or as vaccine adjuvants. The clinical experience acquired so far on these two avenues is asymmetric. Few clinical trials using Lipid A analogs as single anti-cancer agents involving less than 100 patients with advanced cancer have been reported. In contrast, lipid A has been tested in over 300,000 individuals in various vaccines trials, including therapeutic cancer vaccines. Clearly most of the work needed to develop lipid A as effective anti-cancer agents and/or as vaccine adjuvant lies ahead in the near future. This book is a timely contribution and provides a much needed up-to-date overview of the chemical, biological and physiological aspects of lipid A. It should be a beacon to all those involved in this field of research.
Cancer --- Microbial lipids --- Endotoxins --- Bacterial pyrogens --- Endotoxin --- Lipopolysaccharides, Microbial --- Microbial lipopolysaccharides --- Immunotherapy. --- Therapeutic use. --- Medicine. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Bacterial cell walls --- Bacterial toxins --- Gram-negative bacteria --- Microbial polysaccharides --- Pyrogens --- Lipids --- Immunological aspects --- Treatment --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general.
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This multi-volume set within International Review of Cytology encompasses the recent advances in the understanding of structure-function relationships at the molecular level of receptors, transporters, and membrane proteins. Several diverse families of membrane receptors/proteins are discussed with respect to the molecular and cellular biology of their synthesis, assembly, turnover, and function. Included are such receptor superfamilies as G-proteins, immunoglobulins, ligand-gated receptors, interleukins, and tyrosine kinases as well as such transporter/protein families as pumps, ion ch
Bacterial cell walls --- Bacterial membranes --- Bacteriële celwanden --- Bactéries--Membranes cellulaires --- Biological transport --- Biologie [Moleculaire ] --- Biologie moléculaire --- Biologisch transport --- Biology [Molecular ] --- Cell membrane receptors --- Cell receptors --- Cell walls [Bacterial ] --- Celreceptoren --- Celwanden [Bacteriële ] --- Membrane transport --- Moleculaire biologie --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biology --- Molecular biophysics --- Parois cellulaires bactériennes --- Passive transport [Biological ] --- Physiological transport --- Recepteurs cellulaires --- Receptors [Cell ] --- Transport [Biological ] --- Transport [Biologisch ] --- Transport biologique --- Glucose --- Receptors --- Carrier proteins. --- Membrane proteins. --- Membranes (Biology) --- Proteins --- Monosaccharides --- Sucrose --- Sugar --- Binding proteins --- Transport proteins --- Protein binding --- Metabolism.
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Endotoxins --- Endotoxins. --- Immunity, Innate. --- Innate Immune Response --- Innate Immunity --- Immunity, Native --- Immunity, Natural --- Immunity, Non-Specific --- Resistance, Natural --- Immune Response, Innate --- Immune Responses, Innate --- Immunity, Non Specific --- Innate Immune Responses --- Native Immunity --- Natural Immunity --- Natural Resistance --- Non-Specific Immunity --- Bacterial pyrogens --- Endotoxin --- Lipopolysaccharides, Microbial --- Microbial lipopolysaccharides --- Receptors, Pattern Recognition --- Adaptive Immunity --- Inflammasomes --- Pyrogens --- Bacterial cell walls --- Bacterial toxins --- Gram-negative bacteria --- Microbial lipids --- Microbial polysaccharides --- Inflammation
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Endotoxins --- Endotoxins. --- Immunity, Natural. --- Endotoxines --- Immunity, Innate. --- Innate Immune Response --- Innate Immunity --- Immunity, Native --- Immunity, Natural --- Immunity, Non-Specific --- Resistance, Natural --- Immune Response, Innate --- Immune Responses, Innate --- Immunity, Non Specific --- Innate Immune Responses --- Native Immunity --- Natural Immunity --- Natural Resistance --- Non-Specific Immunity --- Bacterial pyrogens --- Endotoxin --- Lipopolysaccharides, Microbial --- Microbial lipopolysaccharides --- Bacterial cell walls --- Bacterial toxins --- Gram-negative bacteria --- Microbial lipids --- Microbial polysaccharides --- Pyrogens --- Receptors, Pattern Recognition --- Adaptive Immunity --- Inflammasomes --- Immunity, Innate --- Inflammation --- Health Sciences --- Physiology --- immunology --- immune recognition --- immune response --- endotoxins --- innate immunity
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Micro- and Nanoengineering of the Cell Surface explores the direct engineering of cell surfaces, enabling materials scientists and chemists to manipulate or augment cell functions and phenotypes. The book is accessible for readers across industry, academia, and in clinical settings in multiple disciplines, including materials science, engineering, chemistry, biology, and medicine. Written by leaders in the field, it covers numerous cell surface engineering methods along with their current and potential applications in cell therapy, tissue engineering, biosensing, and diagnosis. <
Bacterial cell surfaces. --- Cells -- Microbiology. --- Nanotechnology. --- Bacterial cell surfaces --- Cells --- Nanotechnology --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Organisms --- Miniaturization --- Cellular Structures --- Technology --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Anatomy --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Cell Membrane --- Bacteria --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Microbiology --- Microbiology. --- ultrastructure --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Cytology --- Bacterial cell surface --- Bacterial surface --- Bacterial surfaces --- Bacterial cell walls --- Hydrophobic surfaces --- Cells - Microbiology --- Bacteria - ultrastructure
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Endotoxins are potentially toxic compounds produced by Gram-negative bacteria including some pathogens. Unlike exotoxins, which are secreted in soluble form by live bacteria, endotoxins are comprised of structural components of bacteria. Endotoxins can cause a whole-body inflammatory state, sepsis, leading to low blood pressure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. This book brings together contributions from researchers in the forefront of these subjects. It is divided into two sections. The first deals with how endotoxins are synthesized and end up on the bacterial surface. The second discussed how endotoxins activate TLR4 and, in turn, how TLR4 generates the molecular signals leading to infectious and inflammatory diseases. The way endotoxins interact with the host cells is fundamental to understanding the mechanism of sepsis, and recent research on these aspects of endotoxins has served to illuminate previously undescribed functions of the innate immune system. This volume presents a description of endotoxins according to their genetic constitution, structure, function and mode of interaction with host cells.
Endotoxins -- Pathophysiology. --- Endotoxins. --- Septic shock -- Molecular aspects. --- Endotoxins --- Septic shock --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Toll-Like Receptors --- Bacterial Toxins --- Receptors, Pattern Recognition --- Toxins, Biological --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Physiology --- Toll-Like Receptor 4 --- Receptors, Immunologic --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Biological Factors --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Membrane Proteins --- Proteins --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Biology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Animal Biochemistry --- Pathophysiology --- Molecular aspects --- Bacterial pyrogens --- Endotoxin --- Lipopolysaccharides, Microbial --- Microbial lipopolysaccharides --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Medical microbiology. --- Pharmacology. --- Infectious diseases. --- Biomedicine. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Bacterial cell walls --- Bacterial toxins --- Gram-negative bacteria --- Microbial lipids --- Microbial polysaccharides --- Pyrogens --- Microbiology. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Toxicology. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Toxicology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect
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