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Fitness and adaptation are fundamental characteristics of plant and animal species, enabling them to survive in their environment and to adapt to the inevitable changes in this environment. This is true for both the genetic resources of natural ecosystems as well as those used in agricultural production. Extensive genetic variation exists between varieties/breeds in a species and amongst individuals within breeds. This variation has developed over very long periods of time. A major ongoing challenge is how to best utilize this variation to meet short-term demands whilst also conserving it for longer-term possible use. Many animal breeding programs have led to increased performance for production traits but this has often been accompanied by reduced fitness. In addition, the global use of genetic resources prompts the question whether introduced genotypes are adapted to local production systems. Understanding the genetic nature of fitness and adaptation will enable us to better manage genetic resources allowing us to make efficient and sustainable decisions for the improvement or breeding of these resources. This book had an ambitious goal in bringing together a sample of the world’s leading scientists in animal breeding and evolutionary genetics to exchange knowledge to advance our understanding of these vital issues.

Animal breeding. --- Animal genetic engineering. --- Animal genetics. --- Animal mutation breeding. --- Animal population genetics. --- Animals. --- Evolutionary genetics. --- Animal genetics --- Animals --- Evolutionary genetics --- Animal genetic engineering --- Animal breeding --- Animal mutation breeding --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Evolution --- Genetics --- Biology - General --- Adaptation --- Adaptation. --- Domestic animals --- Genetic evolution --- Animal adaptation --- Breeding --- Genetic engineering --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Biodiversity. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Biomathematics. --- Life Sciences. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Genetics and Population Dynamics. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Animal biotechnology --- Transgenic animals --- Evolution (Biology) --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Adaptation (Physiology) --- Evolution (Biology). --- Mathematics. --- Animal evolution --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Mathematics