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This book is the first definitive overview on adenosine receptor antagonists and their application to the treatment of Parkinson's Disease. The effect of these novel non-dopamine drugs on vitro and in vivo systems clearly shows their potential for the treatment of this debilitating disease. This book covers how the Parkinson's disease antagonist drug, A2A, has been researched, developed, and tested. It is an essential book for researchers interested in the basal ganglia, purine biology, and Parkinson's Disease.Key Features* Discusses the discovery and development of a

Adenosine. --- Parkinson's disease --- Treatment.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

adenosine --- ATP --- purinergic receptors --- purinergic signaling --- ectonucleotidases

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Adenosine --- G protein-coupled purinergic receptors --- ATP --- purinergic signalling --- Adenosine transport --- Caffeine --- Purinergic pathophysiology --- Ligand-gated purinergic ion channels

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Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) is one of the most abundant molecule in living cells serving as universal energy “currency.” After slow acceptance of the concept of the release and extracellular action of ATP, purinergic signaling is recognized as a widespread mechanism for cell-to-cell communication in living organisms. Additionally, the contribution of pyrimidine nucleotides (such as UTP and UDP) and sugar-nucleotides (i.e., UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose) have been more recently discovered. Purinergic signaling plays major physiological roles in mammalian central nervous system (CNS) such as neurotransmission, neuromodulation, communication in glial network and between neurons and glia. Extracellular ATP and its metabolic breakdown is a source of other nucleotides and adenosine providing the versatile basis for complex purinergic signaling through the activation of several families of purinergic receptors. G-protein coupled P1 receptors for adenosine, ionotropic P2X receptors for ATP and G-protein coupled P2Y receptors for ATP and other nucleotides are abundant and widely distributed in central neurons at pre-and post-synapse and in glial cells. Alterations of purinergic signals are associated with major CNS disorders including chronic pain, brain trauma ischemia, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with neuro-inflammation as well as neuropsychiatric diseases, including depression, anxiety and schizophrenia.

purine --- P2X --- P2Y --- adenosine (A(1) --- A(2A) --- A(2B)) receptors --- purinergic signaling --- CNS --- CNS—disorder

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This Book "A3 Adenosine Receptors from Cell Biology to Pharmacology and Therapeutics " documents the present state of knowledge of the adenosine A3 receptor. Adenosine A3 receptors are G protein-linked receptors that function in physiology and intracellular signaling and are involved in inflammatory responses and mediating cell proliferation and cell death. The A3 receptor is increasingly being recognized for its biological roles throughout the body, and many A3 receptor ligands have proven useful in elucidating peripheral and central pathologies. This book covers a wide range of information including data from studies of theoretical, molecular and cellular pharmacology, signal transduction, integrative physiology, new drug discoveries and clinical applications. The book includes sections on: A3 Adenosine Receptor signal transduction Adenosine Receptor medicinal chemistry Effects and therapeutic applications of Adenosine Receptors on tissues and organs Adenosine Receptors and inflammatory and auto-immune diseases Adenosine Receptors and cancer The chapters in this book cover both fundamental science and relevant applications and provide an authoritative account of the current status of the field. "A3 Adenosine Receptors from Cell Biology to Pharmacology and Therapeutics" is an up to date and scientifically excellent source of information, attractive to basic and clinical scientists alike.

Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Cardiology. --- Pneumology/Respiratory System. --- Medicine. --- Toxicology. --- Biochemistry. --- Pneumology. --- Médecine --- Toxicologie --- Biochimie --- Cardiologie --- Adenosine -- Physiological effect. --- Adenosine -- Receptors. --- Neural transmission -- Regulation. --- Adenosine --- Neural transmission --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Receptors, Purinergic P1 --- Receptor, Adenosine A3 --- Chemistry --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Receptors, Purinergic --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Receptors, Neurotransmitter --- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled --- Membrane Proteins --- Proteins --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Neuroscience --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Animal Biochemistry --- Receptors --- Physiological effect --- Regulation --- Receptors. --- Physiological effect. --- Regulation. --- Regulation of neural transmission --- Adenocard --- Adenoscan --- Pharmacology. --- Medicinal chemistry. --- Respiratory organs --- Diseases. --- Biological control systems --- Purine nucleosides --- Ribonucleosides --- Heart --- Internal medicine --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Diseases --- Composition --- Toxicology --- Respiratory organs—Diseases. --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Drugs --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacy