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L’accouchement fut pendant des siècles un art du ressort des femmes. Du Moyen-Âge jusqu’au Grand Siècle, les femmes ont exercé un monopole professionnel sur cette activité, en ville comme à la campagne. Mais dès le XVIIe siècle, la médicalisation de la science obstétricale a opéré un bouleversement des rôles et entraîné, à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, une inversion faisant d’une affaire de femmes un domaine soumis à la science masculine. Or, malgré la richesse des travaux consacrés aux croyances et aux rites, aux pratiques médicales et aux souffrances liées à l’accouchement, les conséquences de ce tournant n’ont pas encore toutes été tirées. Cet ouvrage veut remettre les femmes au coeur de l’acte d’enfanter, en envisageant les pratiques, discours et représentations de l’accouchement d’un point de vue genré. Découvrir le métier de sage-femme, les textes où elles ont transmis leur savoir, les pratiques et les risques du métier, l’iconographie et les fictions qui les représentent, voire les objets pédagogiques et les instruments qui gardent la trace de leur travail, permet ainsi d’envisager l’existence d’une expérience et d’une perception féminines différentes de la science masculine.

History --- Anthropology --- Literature (General) --- accouchement --- actes de congrès --- sage-femme --- Moyen Âge --- étude de genre --- science

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Based on personal accounts by birthing women and their medical attendants, Brought to Bed reveals how childbirth has changed from colonial times to the present. Judith Walzer Leavitt's study focuses on the traditional woman-centered home-birthing practices, their replacement by male doctors, and the movement from the home to the hospital. She explains that childbearing women and their physicians gradually changed birth places because they believed the increased medicalization would make giving birth safer and more comfortable. Ironically, because of infection, infant and maternal mortality did not immediately decline. She concludes that birthing women held considerable power in determining labor and delivery events as long as childbirth remained in the home. The move to the hospital in the twentieth century gave the medical profession the upper hand. Leavitt also discusses recent events in American obstetrics that illustrate how women have attempted to retrieve some of the traditional women--and family--centered aspects of childbirth.

Childbirth --- Obstetrics --- Accouchement --- Obstétrique --- History --- Histoire --- Birth --- Birthing --- Child birth --- Live birth --- Parturition --- Labor (Obstetrics) --- Maternal-fetal medicine --- Medicine --- Delivery, Obstetric --- Labor, Obstetric --- Obstetric Labor --- Obstetric Delivery --- Deliveries, Obstetric --- Obstetric Deliveries --- Labor Presentation --- Trial of Labor --- history --- United States.

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According to the Latina health paradox, Mexican immigrant women have less complicated pregnancies and more favorable birth outcomes than many other groups, in spite of socioeconomic disadvantage. Alyshia Gálvez provides an ethnographic examination of this paradox. What are the ways that Mexican immigrant women care for themselves during their pregnancies? How do they decide to leave behind some of the practices they bring with them on their pathways of migration in favor of biomedical approaches to pregnancy and childbirth? This book takes us from inside the halls of a busy metropolitan hospital’s public prenatal clinic to the Oaxaca and Puebla states in Mexico to look at the ways Mexican women manage their pregnancies. The mystery of the paradox lies perhaps not in the recipes Mexican-born women have for good perinatal health, but in the prenatal encounter in the United States. Patient Citizens, Immigrant Mothers is a migration story and a look at the ways that immigrants are received by our medical institutions and by our society

Childbirth --- Prenatal care --- Women immigrants --- Women --- Birth --- Birthing --- Child birth --- Live birth --- Obstetrics --- Parturition --- Labor (Obstetrics) --- Antenatal care --- Antenatal services --- Pre-natal care --- Pregnant women --- Maternal health services --- Preconception care --- Immigrant women --- Immigrants --- Cross-cultural studies. --- Social conditions. --- Care --- Femmes --- Immigrées --- Soins prénatals --- Accouchement --- Mexique --- Conditions sociales --- États-Unis --- Études transculturelles

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Mais comment peut-on naître sans mère ? Comment pourrait-il se faire que la femme qui accouche ne soit pas automatiquement la mère du nouveau-né ? Du point de vue juridique pourtant, quand une femme accouche sous X, elle n'est pas la mère de l'enfant. Si l'accouchement sous X bouleverse nos représentations les plus élémentaires du lien mère-enfant, sa suppression irait ainsi à l'encontre d'une certaine manière de voir l'enfant, comme être à protéger.

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