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With the emergence of Systems Biology, there is a greater realization that the whole behavior of a living system may not be simply described as the sum of its elements. To represent a living system using mathematical principles, practical quantities with units are required. Quantities are not only the bridge between mathematical description and biological observations; they often stand as essential elements similar to genome information in genetics. This important realization has greatly rejuvenated research in the area of Quantitative Biology. Because of the increased need for precise quantification, a new era of technological development has opened. For example, spatio-temporal high-resolution imaging enables us to track single molecule behavior in vivo. Clever artificial control of experimental conditions and molecular structures has expanded the variety of quantities that can be directly measured. In addition, improved computational power and novel algorithms for analyzing theoretical models have made it possible to investigate complex biological phenomena. This research topic is organized on two aspects of technological advances which are the backbone of Quantitative Biology: (i) visualization of biomolecules, their dynamics and function, and (ii) generic technologies of model optimization and numeric integration. We have also included articles highlighting the need for new quantitative approaches to solve some of the long-standing cell biology questions. In the first section on visualizing biomolecules, four cutting-edge techniques are presented. Ichimura et al. provide a review of quantum dots including their basic characteristics and their applications (for example, single particle tracking). Horisawa discusses a quick and stable labeling technique using click chemistry with distinct advantages compared to fluorescent protein tags. The relatively small physical size, stability of covalent bond and simple metabolic labeling procedures in living cells provides this type of technology a potential to allow long-term imaging with least interference to protein function. Obien et al. review strategies to control microelectrodes for detecting neuronal activity and discuss techniques for higher resolution and quality of recordings using monolithic integration with on-chip circuitry. Finally, the original research article by Amariei et al. describes the oscillatory behavior of metabolites in bacteria. They describe a new method to visualize the periodic dynamics of metabolites in large scale cultures populations. These four articles contribute to the development of quantitative methods visualizing diverse targets: proteins, electrical signals and metabolites. In the second section of the topic, we have included articles on the development of computational tools to fully harness the potential of quantitative measurements through either calculation based on specific model or validation of the model itself. Kimura et al. introduce optimization procedures to search for parameters in a quantitative model that can reproduce experimental data. They present four examples: transcriptional regulation, bacterial chemotaxis, morphogenesis of tissues and organs, and cell cycle regulation. The original research article by Sumiyoshi et al. presents a general methodology to accelerate stochastic simulation efforts. They introduce a method to achieve 130 times faster computation of stochastic models by applying GPGPU. The strength of such accelerated numerical calculation are sometimes underestimated in biology; faster simulation enables multiple runs and in turn improved accuracy of numerical calculation which may change the final conclusion of modeling study. This also highlights the need to carefully assess simulation results and estimations using computational tools.

fluorescence chemistry --- numerical integration --- molecular crowding --- quantum dot --- cell division --- data visualization --- imaging --- model optimization --- GPGPU

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S.L. Sobolev (1908–1989) was a great mathematician of the twentieth century. His selected works included in this volume laid the foundations for intensive development of the modern theory of partial differential equations and equations of mathematical physics, and they were a gold mine for new directions of functional analysis and computational mathematics. The topics covered in this volume include Sobolev’s fundamental works on equations of mathematical physics, computational mathematics, and cubature formulas. Some of the articles are generally unknown to mathematicians because they were published in journals that are difficult to access. Audience This book is intended for mathematicians, especially those interested in mechanics and physics, and graduate and postgraduate students in mathematics and physics departments.

Mathematical physics. --- Cubature formulas. --- Differential equations, Partial. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Partial differential equations --- Formulas, Cubature --- Numerical integration --- Mathematics --- Differential equations, partial. --- Numerical analysis. --- Mathematics. --- Operator theory. --- Partial Differential Equations. --- Numerical Analysis. --- Applications of Mathematics. --- Operator Theory. --- Functional analysis --- Math --- Science --- Mathematical analysis --- Partial differential equations. --- Applied mathematics. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis

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This edited collection provides a timely account of the social, institutional and user impacts of e-legal deposit.Since legal deposit regulations were introduced in the United Kingdom and Germany in the 17th Century, societies have benefitted from the systematic preservation of our written cultural record by a small number of trusted national and academic libraries. This book brings together some of the leading contemporary international authorities on legal deposit to explore two primary questions. First, what is the impact of electronic legal deposit on the 21st Century library? And second, what does the future hold for libraries as legal deposit collections meet the digital age?The 2013 announcement of e-Legal Deposit brought, for the first time, written information online under the purview of the UK Legal Deposit Libraries, a trend evident across the world. This was heralded as a vital step in preserving the UK’s “digital universe”, a grand assertion that requires careful interrogation. In particular, while the regulations allow for the systematic collection of digitised and born-digital texts, they also prescribe how these materials can be accessed by the public in the short to medium term. The interface between legal deposit as an activity for posterity, and open data-driven approaches to research and government, define the nature of this mooted digital universe. Electronic Legal Deposit draws on evidence gathered from real-world case studies produced in collaboration with world-leading libraries, researchers and practitioners, as well as provide a thorough overview of the state of legal deposit at an important juncture in the history of library collections. The book addresses several issues: •contemporary user behaviour with e-legal deposit collections•the relationship between e-legal deposit, digital library services, and the digital divide•ways in which legal deposit legislation shape our use of library collections•the impact of digital scholarship on library services•the future of legal deposit in a changing information landscape•the long-term implications of how our digital collections are conceived, regulated and used.Readership: The book will be essential reading for practitioners and researchers in national and research libraries. The book will also be useful reading to other library practitioners and researchers due to the unique way in which electronic legal deposit encompasses a number of key issues for the digital age: copyright and digital library collections; publisher-library relations; access and the digital divide; innovative digital scholarship methods and developing digital library infrastructures.

Legal deposit of books, etc. --- Electronic information resources. --- Depository libraries. --- Depository libraries --- Digital libraries --- Library materials --- Archival materials --- Data processing. --- Collection development. --- Digitization. --- Depositories, Government documents --- Government document depositories --- Government documents depositories --- Libraries, Depository --- Documents libraries --- Copyright --- Copyright deposit --- Deposit of books --- Depository copies --- Book registration, National --- Press law --- Legal deposit (of books, etc.) --- Numerical integration --- Depository libraries |x Data processing.

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Numerical methods that preserve properties of Hamiltonian systems, reversible systems, differential equations on manifolds and problems with highly oscillatory solutions are the subject of this book. A complete self-contained theory of symplectic and symmetric methods, which include Runge-Kutta, composition, splitting, multistep and various specially designed integrators, is presented and their construction and practical merits are discussed. The long-time behaviour of the numerical solutions is studied using a backward error analysis (modified equations) combined with KAM theory. The book is illustrated by many figures, it treats applications from physics and astronomy and contains many numerical experiments and comparisons of different approaches. The second edition is substantially revised and enlarged, with many improvements in the presentation and additions concerning in particular non-canonical Hamiltonian systems, highly oscillatory mechanical systems, and the dynamics of multistep methods.

Numerical integration. --- Hamiltonian systems. --- Differential equations --- Numerical solutions. --- Mathematics. --- Mathematical analysis. --- Analysis (Mathematics). --- Numerical analysis. --- Biomathematics. --- Physics. --- Numerical Analysis. --- Analysis. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Numerical and Computational Physics. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- 517.91 Differential equations --- Hamiltonian dynamical systems --- Systems, Hamiltonian --- Differentiable dynamical systems --- Integration, Numerical --- Mechanical quadrature --- Quadrature, Mechanical --- Definite integrals --- Interpolation --- Numerical analysis --- Global analysis (Mathematics). --- Mathematical physics. --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Analysis, Global (Mathematics) --- Differential topology --- Functions of complex variables --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Mathematical analysis --- Mathematics --- Biology --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- 517.1 Mathematical analysis --- Hamiltonian systems --- Differential equations - Numerical solutions --- 517.91 --- Numerical integration --- 519.62 --- 681.3*G17 --- 681.3*G17 Ordinary differential equations: boundary value problems; convergence and stability; error analysis; initial value problems; multistep methods; single step methods; stiff equations (Numerical analysis) --- Ordinary differential equations: boundary value problems; convergence and stability; error analysis; initial value problems; multistep methods; single step methods; stiff equations (Numerical analysis) --- 519.62 Numerical methods for solution of ordinary differential equations --- Numerical methods for solution of ordinary differential equations --- Numerical solutions

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This computationally oriented book describes and explains the mathematical relationships among matrices, moments, orthogonal polynomials, quadrature rules, and the Lanczos and conjugate gradient algorithms. The book bridges different mathematical areas to obtain algorithms to estimate bilinear forms involving two vectors and a function of the matrix. The first part of the book provides the necessary mathematical background and explains the theory. The second part describes the applications and gives numerical examples of the algorithms and techniques developed in the first part. Applications addressed in the book include computing elements of functions of matrices; obtaining estimates of the error norm in iterative methods for solving linear systems and computing parameters in least squares and total least squares; and solving ill-posed problems using Tikhonov regularization. This book will interest researchers in numerical linear algebra and matrix computations, as well as scientists and engineers working on problems involving computation of bilinear forms.

Matrices. --- Numerical analysis. --- Mathematical analysis --- Algebra, Matrix --- Cracovians (Mathematics) --- Matrix algebra --- Matrixes (Algebra) --- Algebra, Abstract --- Algebra, Universal --- Matrices --- Numerical analysis --- Algorithm. --- Analysis of algorithms. --- Analytic function. --- Asymptotic analysis. --- Basis (linear algebra). --- Basis function. --- Biconjugate gradient method. --- Bidiagonal matrix. --- Bilinear form. --- Calculation. --- Characteristic polynomial. --- Chebyshev polynomials. --- Coefficient. --- Complex number. --- Computation. --- Condition number. --- Conjugate gradient method. --- Conjugate transpose. --- Cross-validation (statistics). --- Curve fitting. --- Degeneracy (mathematics). --- Determinant. --- Diagonal matrix. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Equation. --- Estimation. --- Estimator. --- Exponential function. --- Factorization. --- Function (mathematics). --- Function of a real variable. --- Functional analysis. --- Gaussian quadrature. --- Hankel matrix. --- Hermite interpolation. --- Hessenberg matrix. --- Hilbert matrix. --- Holomorphic function. --- Identity matrix. --- Interlacing (bitmaps). --- Inverse iteration. --- Inverse problem. --- Invertible matrix. --- Iteration. --- Iterative method. --- Jacobi matrix. --- Krylov subspace. --- Laguerre polynomials. --- Lanczos algorithm. --- Linear differential equation. --- Linear regression. --- Linear subspace. --- Logarithm. --- Machine epsilon. --- Matrix function. --- Matrix polynomial. --- Maxima and minima. --- Mean value theorem. --- Meromorphic function. --- Moment (mathematics). --- Moment matrix. --- Moment problem. --- Monic polynomial. --- Monomial. --- Monotonic function. --- Newton's method. --- Numerical integration. --- Numerical linear algebra. --- Orthogonal basis. --- Orthogonal matrix. --- Orthogonal polynomials. --- Orthogonal transformation. --- Orthogonality. --- Orthogonalization. --- Orthonormal basis. --- Partial fraction decomposition. --- Polynomial. --- Preconditioner. --- QR algorithm. --- QR decomposition. --- Quadratic form. --- Rate of convergence. --- Recurrence relation. --- Regularization (mathematics). --- Rotation matrix. --- Singular value. --- Square (algebra). --- Summation. --- Symmetric matrix. --- Theorem. --- Tikhonov regularization. --- Trace (linear algebra). --- Triangular matrix. --- Tridiagonal matrix. --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Vector space. --- Weight function.