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Learning to Smell will serve as an important reference for workers within the field of chemical senses and those interested in sensory processing and perception.

Smell. --- Olfaction --- Chemical senses --- Senses and sensation --- Nose

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Odours are powerful stimuli that can evoke emotional states, and support learning and memory. Decades of research have indicated that the neural basis for this strong “odour-emotional memory” connection is due to the uniqueness of the anatomy of the olfactory pathways. Indeed, unlike the other sensory systems, the sense of smell does not pass through the thalamus to be routed to the cortex. Rather, odour information is relayed directly to the limbic system, a brain region typically associated with memory and emotional processes. This provides olfaction with a unique and potent power to influence mood, acquisition of new information, and use of information in many different contexts. including social interactions. Indeed, olfaction is crucially involved in behaviours essential for survival of the individual and species, including identification of predators, recognition of individuals for procreation or social hierarchy, location of food, as well as attachment between mating pairs and infant-caretaker dyads. Importantly, odours are sampled through sniffing behaviour. This active sensing plays an important role in exploratory behaviours observed in the different contexts mentioned above. Odours are also critical for learning and memory about events and places and constitute efficient retrieval cues for the recall of emotional episodic memories. This broad role for odours appears highly preserved across species. In addition, the consistent early developmental emergence of the olfactory function across diverse species also provides a unique window of opportunity for analysis of myriad behavioural systems from rodents to nonhuman primates and humans. This combined with the relatively conserved organization of the olfactory system in mammals, provides a powerful framework to explore how complex behaviours can be modulated by odours to produce adaptative responses, and to investigate the underlying neural networks. In this research topic, we welcome original and review articles, as well as opinion, methods and modelling papers from both human and animal research, covering the following issues (although the list is not exhaustive):• Neural and pharmacological bases of olfactory memory : in adulthood and through development• Olfactory-based social interactions: mother-offspring bonding, pair bonding, peer recognition, social hierarchy, social transmission of fear…• Emotional olfactory memory: conditioned odour fear, unconditioned odour fear, alarm pheromones…• Sniffing behaviour and its modulation during olfactory learning and/or social behaviours. The goal of this Research Topic is to bring together cutting edge research on diverse species and developmental stages, highlighting convergence and divergence between humans and animals to facilitate translational research.

Neuroscience --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Odor preference --- olfactory memory --- sniffing behavior --- Olfaction --- odor aversion --- Social odors