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Studies in Syntactics. The purpose of this book is to explore the structure of the text as such using a metalanguage derived from quantitative poetics. Grigori Utgof’s thesis is that texts should be studied statistically. The main problems addressed in his research are the problem of successivity on the formal (syntactic) plane of artistic texts, and the problem of syntactic dissimilarity. Largely prompted by Yuri Tynianov’s famous statement – „The unity of the work is not a closed, symmetrical intactness, but an unfolding, dynamic integrity. Between its elements is not the static sign of equality and addition, but the dynamic sign of correlation and integration. The form of the literary work must be recognized as a dynamic phenomenon“ (The Problem of Verse Language; translated by Michael Sosa and Brent Harvey) – Grigori Utgof demonstrates the inherent nonidentity of the intratextual order, and proceeds to the problem of measuring some translated texts’ dissimilarities. In particular, his book is an inquiry into the structure of the following eight texts: Приглашение на казнь / Invitation to a Beheading by Vladimir Nabokov, and the novel’s Estonian translation Kutse tapalavale [Invitation to the Block] by Rein Saluri; “За гремучую доблесть грядущих веков...” by Osip Mandel’shtam, and two translations of this poem into English: “In the Name of the Higher Tribes of the Future” by Robert Lowell and “For the Sake of the Resonant Valor of Ages to Come…” by Vladimir Nabokov; “Облако в штанах” (“Cloud in Trousers”) by Vladimir Mayakovsky; “Ballada [Ballade]” by Czesław Miłosz in Natalya Gorbanevskaya’s translation (“Баллада”)

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Literature, Modern --- Translating and interpreting. --- Syntax. --- Interpretation and translation --- Interpreting and translating --- Language and languages --- Literature --- Translation and interpretation --- Translators --- Syntax --- Translating --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax --- Maxim Šapir --- Robert Lowell --- Vladimir Mayakovsky --- neostructuralism --- Vladimir Nabokov --- Mikhail Gasparov --- Yuri Tynianov --- Czesław Miłosz --- Natalya Gorbanevskaya --- 20th century literature --- Osip Mandel’shtam --- Rein Saluri --- Dmitri Nabokov --- Capital punishment --- Channel One Russia --- Decapitation --- Invitation to a Beheading --- Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus --- The Day (Kiev) --- We (novel)

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Political parties typically are assumed to be essential for contemporary democratic government and governance. Why, then, has the regime change in Russia failed to produce viable political parties? Grigorii Golosov addresses this question, exploring issues central to an understanding of Russian political development. Golosov combines statistical and qualitative analysis, including case studies, to explain why political parties have not yet taken hold in Russia's regions. His argument is bolstered by a uniquely comprehensive database of regional elections held in the period 1993-April 2003. Moving from the late Soviet era to current efforts by the federal government to promote a viable party system at the regional level, his work is a pathbreaking contribution to both Russian studies and comparative politics.

Political parties --- Political culture --- Democracy --- Democratization --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Russia (Federation) --- Politics and government

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This book surveys two centuries of Russian history through a succession of ambitious architectural projects designed for a single construction site in central Moscow. Czars, Bolshevik rulers, and contemporary Russian leaders alike have dreamed of glorious monuments to themselves and their ideologies on this site. The history of their efforts reflects the story of the nation itself and its repeated attempts to construct or reconstruct its identity and to repudiate or resuscitate emblems of the past. In the nineteenth century Czar Alexander I began to construct the largest cathedral (and the largest building) in the world at the time. His successor, Nicholas I, changed both the site and the project. Completed by Alexander III, the cathedral was demolished by Stalin in the 1930's to make way for the tallest building in the world, the Palace of Soviets, but that project was ended by the war. During the Khrushchev years the excavation pit was transformed into an outdoor heated swimming pool-the world's largest, of course-and under Yeltsin's direction the pool was replaced with a reconstruction of the destroyed cathedral. The book explores each project intended for this ideologically-charged site and documents with 60 illustrations the grand projects that were built as well as those that were only dreamed.

Orthodox Eastern church buildings --- Churches, Orthodox Eastern --- Church buildings --- Khram Khrista Spasiteli͡a (Moscow, Russia) --- Moscow. --- Khram vo imi︠a︡ Khrista Spasiteli︠a︡ (Moscow, Russia) --- Temple of Christ the Saviour (Moscow, Russia) --- Christ the Savior Cathedral (Moscow, Russia) --- Cathedral of Christ the Savior (Moscow, Russia) --- Kafedralʹnyĭ sobornyĭ khram Khrista Spasitelii︠a︡ (Moscow, Russia) --- Храм Христа Спасителя (Moscow, Russia) --- History. --- Moscow (Russia) --- Buildings, structures, etc. --- Khram Khrista Spasitel?i?a (Moscow, Russia) -- History.. --- Orthodox Eastern church buildings -- Russia (Federation) -- Moscow.. --- Moscow (Russia) -- Buildings, structures, etc. --- Khram Khrista Spasitelia (Moscow, Russia)

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This monograph is devoted to the creation of a comprehensive formalism for quantitative description of polarized modes' linear interaction in modern single-mode optic fibers. The theory of random connections between polarized modes, developed in the monograph, allows calculations of the zero shift deviations for a fiber ring interferometer. The monograph addresses also the Sagnac effect and the Thomas precession. Devices such as gyroscopes, used in navigation and flight control, work based on this technology. Given the ever increasing market for navigation and air traffic, researchers and practitioners in research and industry need a fundamental and sound understanding of the principles. This work presents the underlying physical foundations.

Biosensors. --- Interferometry. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Polarization (Nuclear physics) --- Diffraction. --- Navigation. --- Ring Interferometry. --- Sagnac Effect.