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Starting with simple examples showing the relevance of cutting and pasting logics, the monograph develops a mathematical theory of combining and decomposing logics, ranging from propositional and first-order based logics to higher-order based logics as well as to non-truth functional logics. The theory covers mechanisms for combining semantic structures and deductive systems either of the same or different nature (for instance, two Hilbert calculi or a Hilbert calculus and a tableau calculus). The important issue of preservation of properties is extensively addressed. For instance, sufficient conditions are provided for a combined logic to be sound and complete when the original component logics are known to be sound and complete. The book brings the reader to the front line of current research in the field by showing both recent achievements and directions of future investigations (in particular, multiple open problems). It also provides examples of potential applications in emergent fields like security protocols, quantum computing, networks and argumentation theory, besides discussing more classical applications like software specification, knowledge representation, computational linguistics and modular automated reasoning. This monograph will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in mathematical logic, theory of computation and philosophical logic with no previous knowledge of the subject of combining and decomposing logics, but with a working knowledge of first-order logic. The book will also be relevant for people involved in research projects where logic is used as a tool and the need for working with several logics at the same time is mandatory (for instance, temporal, epistemic and probabilistic logics).
Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Mathematics --- Philosophy. --- Logic of mathematics --- Mathematics, Logic of --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Logic. --- Computer science. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Informatics --- Science --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology --- Mathematical logic.
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The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the international conference Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology (MBR09_BRAZIL), held at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil, December 2009. The presentations given at the conference explored how scientific cognition, but several other kinds as well, use models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning to produce important or creative changes in theories and concepts. Some speakers addressed the problem of model-based reasoning in technology, and stressed the issue of science and technological innovation. The various contributions of the book are written by interdisciplinary researchers who are active in the area of creative reasoning in logic, science, and technology: the most recent results and achievements about the topics above are illustrated in detail in the papers. The book is divided in three parts, which cover the following main areas: part I, abduction, problem solving, and practical reasoning; part II: formal and computational aspects of model based reasoning; part III, models, mental models, representations.
Model-based reasoning --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Science --- Technology --- Discoveries in science --- Qualitative reasoning --- Methodology --- Breakthroughs, Scientific --- Discoveries, Scientific --- Scientific breakthroughs --- Scientific discoveries --- Applied science --- Arts, Useful --- Science, Applied --- Useful arts --- Engineering. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computational intelligence. --- Cognitive psychology. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Cognitive Psychology. --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Cognitive science --- Psychology --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Reasoning --- Creative ability in science --- Research --- Material culture --- Consciousness. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Philosophy --- Spirit --- Self
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In the last two decades modal logic has undergone an explosive growth, to thepointthatacompletebibliographyofthisbranchoflogic,supposingthat someone were capable to compile it, would ?ll itself a ponderous volume. What is impressive in the growth of modal logic has not been so much the quick accumulation of results but the richness of its thematic dev- opments. In the 1960s, when Kripke semantics gave new credibility to the logic of modalities? which was already known and appreciated in the Ancient and Medieval times? no one could have foreseen that in a short time modal logic would become a lively source of ideas and methods for analytical philosophers,historians of philosophy,linguists, epistemologists and computer scientists. The aim which oriented the composition of this book was not to write a new manual of modal logic (there are a lot of excellent textbooks on the market, and the expert reader will realize how much we bene?ted from manyofthem)buttoo?ertoeveryreader,evenwithnospeci?cbackground in logic, a conceptually linear path in the labyrinth of the current panorama of modal logic. The notion which in our opinion looked suitable to work as a compass in this enterprise was the notion of multimodality, or, more speci?cally, the basic idea of grounding systems on languages admitting more than one primitive modal operator.
Modality (Logic) --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Intension (Philosophy) --- Logical semantics --- Semantics (Logic) --- Semeiotics --- Significs --- Syntactics --- Unified science --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Logical positivism --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philosophy, Modern --- Semiotics --- Signs and symbols --- Symbolism --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Definition (Philosophy) --- Modal logic --- Logic --- Nonclassical mathematical logic --- Bisimulation --- Logic. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Philosophy (General). --- Computer science. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Philosophy, general. --- History of Philosophy. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Informatics --- Science --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology --- Mathematical logic. --- Philosophy. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Machine theory. --- Formal Languages and Automata Theory. --- History. --- Abstract automata --- Abstract machines --- Automata --- Mathematical machine theory --- Algorithms --- Recursive functions --- Robotics
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