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Number theory, an ongoing rich area of mathematical exploration, is noted for its theoretical depth, with connections and applications to other fields from representation theory, to physics, cryptography, and more. While the forefront of number theory is replete with sophisticated and famous open problems, at its foundation are basic, elementary ideas that can stimulate and challenge beginning students. This lively introductory text focuses on a problem-solving approach to the subject. Key features of Number Theory: Structures, Examples, and Problems: * A rigorous exposition starts with the natural numbers and the basics. * Important concepts are presented with an example, which may also emphasize an application. The exposition moves systematically and intuitively to uncover deeper properties. * Topics include divisibility, unique factorization, modular arithmetic and the Chinese Remainder Theorem, Diophantine equations, quadratic residues, binomial coefficients, Fermat and Mersenne primes and other special numbers, and special sequences. Sections on mathematical induction and the pigeonhole principle, as well as a discussion of other number systems are covered. * Unique exercises reinforce and motivate the reader, with selected solutions to some of the problems. * Glossary, bibliography, and comprehensive index round out the text. Written by distinguished research mathematicians and renowned teachers, this text is a clear, accessible introduction to the subject and a source of fascinating problems and puzzles, from advanced high school students to undergraduates, their instructors, and general readers at all levels.

Number theory --- Number theory. --- Number study --- Numbers, Theory of --- Algebra --- Mathematics. --- Algebra. --- Combinatorics. --- Number Theory. --- Mathematics, general. --- Combinatorics --- Mathematical analysis --- Mathematics --- Math --- Science --- Zahlentheorie. --- Combinatorial analysis.

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This challenging problem book by renowned US Olympiad coaches, mathematics teachers, and researchers develops a multitude of problem-solving skills needed to excel in mathematical contests and research in number theory. Offering inspiration and intellectual delight, the problems throughout the book encourage students to express their ideas, conjectures, and conclusions in writing. Applying specific techniques and strategies, readers will acquire a solid understanding of the fundamental concepts and ideas of number theory. Key features: * Contains problems developed for various mathematical contests, including the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) * Builds a bridge between ordinary high school examples and exercises in number theory and more sophisticated, intricate and abstract concepts and problems * Begins by familiarizing students with typical examples that illustrate central themes, followed by numerous carefully selected problems and extensive discussions of their solutions * Combines unconventional and essay-type examples, exercises and problems, many presented in an original fashion * Engages students in creative thinking and stimulates them to express their comprehension and mastery of the material beyond the classroom 104 Number Theory Problems is a valuable resource for advanced high school students, undergraduates, instructors, and mathematics coaches preparing to participate in mathematical contests and those contemplating future research in number theory and its related areas.

Number theory --- Number study --- Numbers, Theory of --- Algebra --- Number theory. --- Sequences (Mathematics). --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Number Theory. --- Sequences, Series, Summability. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Mathematical sequences --- Numerical sequences --- Mathematics --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Mathematical logic. --- Sequences (Mathematics)