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wereldmarkt --- duurzame handel --- #gsdbS --- 831.1 Handelspolitiek --- 339.92 --- 354.7 --- GATT --- UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development --- economie --- grondstoffen --- handel --- internationale economie --- internationale handel --- ontwikkelingslanden --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- internationale economische samenwerking, integratie

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Foreign trade policy --- EU --- handel --- vrijetijdsbesteding --- #ECO:01.07:economie handel nationaal internationaal --- AA / International- internationaal --- 341.13 --- 382.50 --- 382.33 --- 334.81 --- 339.54 --- 061.2 --- Internationale conferenties en topbijeenkomsten. --- Internationale handelsbetrekkingen: algemeenheden. --- Vrijhandel. --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie (WHO). Algemene overeenkomst voor handel en tarieven (GATT). --- Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel --- Niet-gouvernementele organisaties. Semi-officiële instellingen. Particuliere instellingen en verenigingen --- 061.2 Niet-gouvernementele organisaties. Semi-officiële instellingen. Particuliere instellingen en verenigingen --- 339.54 Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel --- Internationale conferenties en topbijeenkomsten --- Internationale handelsbetrekkingen: algemeenheden --- Vrijhandel --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie (WHO). Algemene overeenkomst voor handel en tarieven (GATT) --- COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL --- LIBRE ECHANGE

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De Europese Unie, met een eenheidsmarkt zonder binnengrenzen, heeft nog steeds een douane en een douanebeleid nodig. Waarom?

douane --- 339.92 --- #A9912A --- 351.72 --- belastingmaatregelen --- (4-15) --- 327.7 --- 336.4 --- Economische samenwerking en integratie. Tolunie--EU --- corporate name --- Buitenlandse handelspolitiek --- douanes --- mesures fiscales --- 339.92 Economische samenwerking en integratie. Tolunie--EU --- Tax law --- politiek --- beleid --- Foreign trade policy --- European Union --- EU --- Europa --- Europese Unie --- 339.54 --- fiscaal beleid --- emu --- europese unie --- Fiscaal recht --- politique fiscale --- ume --- union europeenne

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Foreign trade policy --- internationale handel --- wereldhandel --- European Commission --- European Union --- EU --- 339.5 --- 339.92 --- #A9911A --- Europese Unie --- 339.54 --- europese unie --- wto --- Europese Unie: wereldhandel --- Wereldhandel --- 339.5 Buitenlandse handel. Internationale handel. Ruilvoet --- Buitenlandse handel. Internationale handel. Ruilvoet --- 339.92 Economische samenwerking en integratie. Tolunie--EU --- Economische samenwerking en integratie. Tolunie--EU --- Buitenlandse handelspolitiek --- union europeenne --- commerce mondial --- omc --- UNION EUROPEENNE --- POLITIQUE COMMERCIALE

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About two hundred years ago, largely as a result of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, free trade achieved an intellectual status unrivaled by any other doctrine in the field of economics. What accounts for the success of free trade against then prevailing mercantilist doctrines? And how well has free trade withstood various theoretical attacks that have challenged it since Adam Smith's time? In this readable intellectual history, Douglas Irwin explains how the idea of free trade has endured against the tide of the abundant criticisms that have been leveled against it from the ancient world and Adam Smith's day to the present. An accessible, nontechnical look at one of the most important concepts in the field of economics, Against the Tide will allow the reader to put the ever new guises of protectionist thinking into the context of the past and discover why the idea of free trade has so successfully prevailed over time. Irwin traces the origins of the free trade doctrine from premercantilist times up to Adam Smith and the classical economists. In lucid and careful terms he shows how Smith's compelling arguments in favor of free trade overthrew mercantilist views that domestic industries should be protected from import competition. Once a presumption about the economic benefits of free trade was established, various objections to free trade arose in the form of major arguments for protectionism, such as those relating to the terms of trade, infant industries, increasing returns, wage distortions, income distribution, unemployment, and strategic trade policy. Discussing the contentious historical controversies surrounding each of these arguments, Irwin reveals the serious analytical and practical weaknesses of each, and in the process shows why free trade remains among the most durable and robust propositions that economics has to offer for the conduct of economic policy.

338 <09> --- 339.54 --- Economische geschiedenis --- Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel --- Freihandel. --- Geschichte. --- Wirtschaftstheorie. --- Welthandel. --- Freihandel --- Geschichte --- Wirtschaftstheorie --- 339.54 Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Free trade --- Free trade -- Protection --- Free trade and protection --- Libre circulation des marchandises --- Libre échange et protectionnisme --- Libre-échange --- Libre-échange -- Protection --- Libre-échange et protectionnisme --- Libre-échangisme --- Libéralisation des échanges --- Libération des échanges --- Trade [Free ] --- Trade liberalization --- Vrijhandel --- Vrijhandel -- Bescherming --- Vrijhandel en protectionisme --- #ECO:01.07:economie handel nationaal internationaal --- 810 Theorie en Methode --- 815 Geschiedenis --- 824 Globalisering --- 830 Economie --- 831 Internationale Politieke Economie --- 831.1 Handelspolitiek --- 882.4 Noord-Amerika --- 884.2 Noord-Europa --- 884.4 West-Europa --- Trade, Free --- Free trade. --- Libre-échange --- Foreign trade policy --- 382.0 --- 382.33 --- AA / International- internationaal --- International trade --- Algemeenheden. Techniek en praktijk van de internationale handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen --- Alexander, Sidney. --- Anderson, Karl. --- Bhagwati, Jagdish. --- Cairnes, John E. --- Chipman, John. --- Corn Laws. --- Davenant, Charles. --- Eaton, Jonathan. --- Edgeworth, F. Y. --- Hamilton, Alexander. --- Hicks, John R. --- Janssen, Theodore. --- King, Charles. --- Langholm, Odd. --- List, Friedrich. --- McCulloch, John Ramsay. --- Oswald, James. --- Petyt, William. --- Ricardo, David. --- Schumpeter, Joseph. --- Torrens, Robert. --- barter nature of trade. --- foreigners, aversion to. --- import substitution. --- natural liberty. --- History. --- Histoire