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Economic history --- Historiography --- -Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Historiography. --- -Historiography --- Economic conditions --- Economic history - Historiography --- Test

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An insightful and passionately written book explaining why a return to Enlightenment ideals is good for the world. The greatest challenges facing humankind, according to Deirdre McCloskey, are poverty and tyranny, both of which hold people back. Arguing for a return to true liberal values, this engaging and accessible book develops, defends, and demonstrates how embracing the ideas first espoused by eighteenth-century philosophers like Locke, Smith, Voltaire, and Wollstonecraft is good for everyone. With her trademark wit and deep understanding, McCloskey shows how the adoption of Enlightenment ideals of liberalism has propelled the freedom and prosperity that define the quality of a full life. In her view, liberalism leads to equality, but equality does not necessarily lead to liberalism-and the fixation of the left on inequality is counterproductive. Liberalism is an optimistic philosophy that depends on the power of rhetoric rather than arms and on ethics, free speech, and facts for us to thrive.

Liberalism. --- Enlightenment --- Influence. --- Economic order --- Liberalism --- Capitalism --- Economic history --- Liberty

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En un siècle et demi, des années 1730-1750 aux années 1880-1890, l'économie occidentale se hisse à l'échelle du monde grâce à la croissance de la demande intérieure des pays du coeur industriel de l'Europe et de l'Amérique du Nord. Une demande qui suscite, en retour, des améliorations décisives des facteurs de l'offre : développement technique, amélioration des circuits de commercialisation et d'information, des méthodes de production et de vente. Cette industrialisation de l'Occident, Patrick Verley la raconte à rebours des démonstrations classiques de David Landes ou de Fernand Braudel : avec lui, on chemine sur les routes, on s'embarque sur les navires ; on voit les produits de la vie quotidienne s'échanger, se répandre, modifier les existences.

Industrialization --- Economic history --- History --- 331.100 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Industrialization - History --- Economic history - 1750-1918

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Why did the size of the U.S. economy increase by 3 percent on one day in mid-2013-or Ghana's balloon by 60 percent overnight in 2010? Why did the U.K. financial industry show its fastest expansion ever at the end of 2008-just as the world's financial system went into meltdown? And why was Greece's chief statistician charged with treason in 2013 for apparently doing nothing more than trying to accurately report the size of his country's economy? The answers to all these questions lie in the way we define and measure national economies around the world: Gross Domestic Product. This entertaining and informative book tells the story of GDP, making sense of a statistic that appears constantly in the news, business, and politics, and that seems to rule our lives-but that hardly anyone actually understands.Diane Coyle traces the history of this artificial, abstract, complex, but exceedingly important statistic from its eighteenth- and nineteenth-century precursors through its invention in the 1940s and its postwar golden age, and then through the Great Crash up to today. The reader learns why this standard measure of the size of a country's economy was invented, how it has changed over the decades, and what its strengths and weaknesses are. The book explains why even small changes in GDP can decide elections, influence major political decisions, and determine whether countries can keep borrowing or be thrown into recession. The book ends by making the case that GDP was a good measure for the twentieth century but is increasingly inappropriate for a twenty-first-century economy driven by innovation, services, and intangible goods.

Gross domestic product --- Economic History --- Economics --- Econometrics --- History --- Economic history. --- Econometrics. --- Economics. --- Gross domestic product. --- History. --- Gross national product --- Gross domestic product - History --- Economics - History --- Econometrics - History

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Economic stabilization. --- Economic history --- International economic relations. --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009.