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With the advent of recombinant DNA technology, expressing heterologous proteins in microorganisms rapidly became the method of choice for their production at laboratory and industrial scale. Bacteria, yeasts and other hosts can be grown to high biomass levels efficiently and inexpensively. Obtaining high yields of recombinant proteins from this material was only feasible thanks to constant research on microbial genetics and physiology that led to novel strains, plasmids and cultivation strategies. Despite the spectacular expansion of the field, there is still much room for progress. Improving the levels of expression and the solubility of a recombinant protein can be quite challenging. Accumulation of the product in the cell can lead to stress responses which affect cell growth. Buildup of insoluble and biologically inactive aggregates (inclusion bodies) lowers the yield of production. This is particularly true for obtaining membrane proteins or high-molecular weight and multi-domain proteins. Also, obtaining eukaryotic proteins in a prokaryotic background (for example, plant or animal proteins in bacteria) results in a product that lack post-translational modifications, often required for functionality. Changing to a eukaryotic host (yeasts or filamentous fungi) may not be a proper solution since the pattern of sugar modifications is different than in higher eukaryotes. Still, many advances in the last couple of decades have provided to researchers a wide variety of strategies to maximize the production of their recombinant protein of choice. Everything starts with the careful selection of the host. Be it bacteria or yeast, a broad list of strains is available for overcoming codon use bias, incorrect disulfide bond formation, protein toxicity and lack of post-translational modifications. Also, a huge catalog of plasmids allows choosing for different fusion partners for improving solubility, protein secretion, chaperone co-expression, antibiotic resistance and promoter strength. Next, controlling culture conditions like temperature, inducer and media composition can bolster recombinant protein production. With this Research Topic, we aim to provide an encyclopedic account of the existing approaches to the expression of recombinant proteins in microorganisms, highlight recent discoveries and analyze the future prospects of this exciting and ever-growing field.

Environmental sciences. --- Inclusion Bodies --- Escherichia coli --- Filamentous fungi --- Microalgae --- Recombinant Proteins --- Microorganism --- fusion tags --- yeast

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Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis in Proteomics is an in-depth guide to the theory and practice of analyzing raw mass spectrometry (MS) data in proteomics. As MS is a high throughput technique, proteomic researchers must attend carefully to the associated field of data analysis, and this volume outlines available bioinformatics programs, algorithms, and databases available for MS data analysis. General guidelines for data analysis using search engines such as Mascot, Xtandem, and VEMS are provided, with specific attention to identifying poor quality data and optimizing search parameters. Several different types of MS data are discussed, followed by a description of optimal methods for conversion of raw data into peak lists for input to search engines. Choosing the most accurate and complete databases is emphasized, and a report of available sequence databases is included. Methods for assembling expressed sequence tags (ESTs) into assembled nonredundant databases are provided, along with protocols for further processing the sequences into a format suitable for MS data. Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis in Proteomics describes publicly available applications whenever possible.

Spectrometric and optical chemical analysis --- Analytical biochemistry --- Information systems --- fysicochemie --- Biochemistry. --- Cytology. --- Bioinformatics. --- Biotechnology. --- Proteomics. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Cell Biology. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Biology --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Molecular biology --- Proteins --- Data processing --- Composition --- Proteomics --- Mass Spectrometry --- Expressed Sequence Tags --- Methodology --- methods --- Proteomics - Methodology --- Mass Spectrometry - methods --- Proteomics - methods

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Since the publishing of the first edition, the methodologies and instrumentation involved in the field of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has improved considerably.  Fully revised and expanded, Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis in Proteomics, Second Edition presents expert chapters on specific MS-based methods or data analysis strategies in proteomics. The volume covers data analysis topics relevant for quantitative proteomics, post translational modification, HX-MS, glycomics, and data exchange standards, among other topics.  Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include brief introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.   Updated and authoritative, Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis in Proteomics, Second Edition serves as a detailed guide for all researchers seeking to further our knowledge in the field of proteomics.

Proteomics --- Mass spectrometry --- Genomics --- Gene Components --- Biochemistry --- Investigative Techniques --- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical --- Genetics --- Chemistry --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Genes --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Computational Biology --- Biology --- Genome Components --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Genome --- Genetic Structures --- Genetic Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Expressed Sequence Tags --- Mass Spectrometry --- Methods --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Methodology --- Expressed Sequence Tags. --- Mass spectrometry. --- Protéomique --- Spectrométrie de masse --- methods. --- Methodology. --- Méthodologie --- Methodological Studies --- Methodological Study --- Procedures --- Studies, Methodological --- Study, Methodological --- Method --- Procedure --- Analysis, Mass Spectrum --- Mass Spectrum Analysis --- Mass Spectroscopy --- Spectrometry, Mass --- Spectroscopy, Mass --- Spectrum Analysis, Mass --- Analyses, Mass Spectrum --- Mass Spectrum Analyses --- Spectrum Analyses, Mass --- ESTs --- Expressed Sequence Tag --- Sequence Tag, Expressed --- Sequence Tags, Expressed --- Tag, Expressed Sequence --- Tags, Expressed Sequence --- Genetic Concepts --- Genetic Phenomenon --- Genetic Process --- Genetic Processes --- Concept, Genetic --- Concepts, Genetic --- Genetic Concept --- Phenomena, Genetic --- Phenomenon, Genetic --- Process, Genetic --- Processes, Genetic --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Genetic Structure --- Structure, Genetic --- Structures, Genetic --- Component, Genome --- Components, Genome --- Genome Component --- Genomes --- Bio-Informatics --- Biology, Computational --- Computational Molecular Biology --- Bioinformatics --- Molecular Biology, Computational --- Bio Informatics --- Bio-Informatic --- Bioinformatic --- Biologies, Computational Molecular --- Biology, Computational Molecular --- Computational Molecular Biologies --- Molecular Biologies, Computational --- Biologic Sciences --- Biological Science --- Science, Biological --- Sciences, Biological --- Biological Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biologic Science --- Biological Science Discipline --- Discipline, Biological Science --- Disciplines, Biological Science --- Life Science --- Science Discipline, Biological --- Science Disciplines, Biological --- Science, Biologic --- Science, Life --- Sciences, Biologic --- Sciences, Life --- Cistron --- Gene --- Genetic Materials --- Cistrons --- Genetic Material --- Material, Genetic --- Materials, Genetic --- Analytical Chemistry Methods --- Analytical Chemistry Techniques --- Analytical Chemistry Method --- Analytical Chemistry Technique --- Chemistry Method, Analytical --- Chemistry Methods, Analytical --- Chemistry Technique, Analytical --- Method, Analytical Chemistry --- Methods, Analytical Chemistry --- Technique, Analytical Chemistry --- Techniques, Analytical Chemistry --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Component, Gene --- Components, Gene --- Gene Component --- Mass spectra --- Mass spectrograph --- Mass spectroscopy --- Mass spectrum analysis --- Life sciences. --- Proteins. --- Life Sciences. --- Protein Science. --- Mass Spectrometry. --- Mass (Physics) --- Nuclear spectroscopy --- Spectrum analysis --- Biosciences --- Science --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Biochemistry. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition

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Pastoral care. --- Race relations. --- General Conference of Seventh-Day Adventists. --- Integration, Racial --- Race problems --- Race question --- Relations, Race --- Ethnology --- Social problems --- Sociology --- Ethnic relations --- Minorities --- Racism --- Care of souls --- Cure of souls --- Church work --- Pastoral counseling --- Pastoral theology --- Seventh-Day Adventists (Group) --- Che Chʻiril Ansigil Yesu Chaerim Kyohoe --- Che 7-il Ansigil Yesu Chaerim Kyohoe --- Chaerim Kyohoe --- SDA --- Adventisti sedmog dana --- Adventysty sʹomoho dni︠a︡ --- Subotnyky --- Gemeinschaft der Siebenten-Tags-Adventisten --- S.D.A. --- Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia --- IASD --- I.A.S.D. --- H. N. Adventista Egyház --- Hetedik Napos Adventista Egyház --- Hetednapos Adventista Egyház --- Adventista Egyház --- Sjundedags adventisterna --- T︠S︡erkovʹ khristian adventistov sedʹmogo dni︠a︡ --- Iglesia Adventista del Séptimo Día --- Adventisti ot sedmii︠a︡ den --- Seventh-Day Adventist Church --- Sewendedag-Adventistekerk --- Chiesa avventista del 7o giorno --- Syvende dags adventistkirken --- Keresztény Advent Közösség

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Advancements in high-throughput “Omics” techniques have revolutionized plant molecular biology research. Proteomics offers one of the best options for the functional analysis of translated regions of the genome, generating a wealth of detailed information regarding the intrinsic mechanisms of plant stress responses. Various proteomic approaches are being exploited extensively for elucidating master regulator proteins which play key roles in stress perception and signaling, and these approaches largely involve gel-based and gel-free techniques, including both label-based and label-free protein quantification. Furthermore, post-translational modifications, subcellular localization, and protein–protein interactions provide deeper insight into protein molecular function. Their diverse applications contribute to the revelation of new insights into plant molecular responses to various biotic and abiotic stressors.

14-3-3 proteins --- n/a --- targeted two-dimensional electrophoresis --- somatic embryogenesis --- nitrogen metabolism --- subtilase --- Sporisorium scitamineum --- non-orthodox seed --- antioxidant activity --- sweet potato plants infected by SPFMV --- photosynthesis --- B. acuminata petals --- chlorophyll deficiency --- seed proteomics --- imbibition --- pollination --- Sarpo Mira --- qRT-PCR --- holm oak --- tuber phosphoproteome --- isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) --- Quercus ilex --- nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase --- lettuce --- ?-subunit --- protein phosphatase --- germination --- drought stress --- pyruvate biosynthesis --- weakening of carbon metabolism --- differential proteins --- heterotrimeric G protein --- organ --- LC-MS-based proteomics --- potato proteomics --- smut --- gel-free/label-free proteomics --- ? subunit --- shotgun proteomics --- 2D --- chloroplast --- proteome functional annotation --- Phalaenopsis --- Clematis terniflora DC. --- wheat --- Dn1-1 --- carbon metabolism --- physiological responses --- Zea mays --- phenylpropanoid biosynthesis --- ISR --- mass spectrometric analysis --- patatin --- leaf --- pea (Pisum sativum L.) --- maize --- ergosterol --- Camellia sinensis --- seed storage proteins --- silver nanoparticles --- elevated CO2 --- metacaspase --- SPV2 and SPVG --- SnRK1 --- MALDI-TOF/TOF --- (phospho)-proteomics --- leaf spot --- rice isogenic line --- wheat leaf rust --- pathway analysis --- phosphoproteome --- sugarcane --- senescence --- Oryza sativa L. --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- heat stress --- gene ontology --- innate immunity --- Pseudomonas syringae --- bolting --- chlorophylls --- shoot --- Simmondsia chinensis --- RT-qPCR --- stresses responses --- Solanum tuberosum --- seeds --- GC-TOF-MS --- sucrose --- proteome --- Puccinia recondita --- cultivar --- Zea mays L. --- secondary metabolism --- ROS --- Ricinus communis L. --- after-ripening --- cadmium --- Stagonospora nodorum --- virus induced gene silencing --- quantitative proteomics --- sweet potato plants non-infected by SPFMV --- affinity chromatography --- population variability --- GS3 --- fungal perception --- ammonium --- transcriptome profiling --- mass spectrometry analysis --- papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) --- cold stress --- nitrate --- late blight disease --- early and late disease stages --- seed imbibition --- lesion mimic mutant --- protease --- proteome map --- seed dormancy --- petal --- 2-DE proteomics --- 2D DIGE --- root --- Phytophthora infestans --- differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) --- polyphenol oxidase --- degradome --- flavonoid --- 14-3-3 --- caspase-like --- proteomics --- RGG4 --- co-infection --- plasma membrane --- chlorotic mutation --- Medicago sativa --- RGG3 --- glycolysis --- barley --- 2-DE --- protein phosphorylation --- western blotting --- N utilization efficiency --- rice --- plant pathogenesis responses --- high temperature --- data-independent acquisition --- pattern recognition receptors --- vegetative storage proteins --- leaf cell wall proteome --- plant-derived smoke --- iTRAQ --- starch --- proteome profiling --- Morus