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Ground-breaking study of the enigmatic and unique tabernacles from fourteenth-century Italy, which for the first time combined relics and images.

Italian literature --- Italy. --- image. --- material culture. --- medieval art. --- relic. --- reliquary tabernacles. --- History and criticism.

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The Holocaust has bequeathed to contemporary society a cultural lexicon of intensely powerful symbols, a vocabulary of remembrance that we draw on to comprehend the otherwise incomprehensible horror of the Shoah. Engagingly written and illustrated with more than forty black-and-white images, Holocaust Icons probes the history and memory of four of these symbolic relics left in the Holocaust's wake. Jewish studies scholar Oren Stier offers in this volume new insight into symbols and the symbol-making process, as he traces the lives and afterlives of certain remnants of the Holocaust and their ongoing impact. Stier focuses in particular on four icons: the railway cars that carried Jews to their deaths, symbolizing the mechanics of murder; the Arbeit Macht Frei ("work makes you free") sign over the entrance to Auschwitz, pointing to the insidious logic of the camp system; the number six million that represents an approximation of the number of Jews killed as well as mass murder more generally; and the persona of Anne Frank, associated with victimization. Stier shows how and why these icons-an object, a phrase, a number, and a person-have come to stand in for the Holocaust: where they came from and how they have been used and reproduced; how they are presently at risk from a variety of threats such as commodification; and what the future holds for the memory of the Shoah. In illuminating these icons of the Holocaust, Stier offers valuable new perspective on one of the defining events of the twentieth century. He helps readers understand not only the Holocaust but also the profound nature of historical memory itself.

Collective memory. --- Memorialization --- Signs and symbols --- Semiotics --- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Collective remembrance --- Common memory --- Cultural memory --- Emblematic memory --- Historical memory --- National memory --- Public memory --- Social memory --- Memory --- Social psychology --- Group identity --- National characteristics --- Memorialisation --- Memorials --- Representation, Symbolic --- Semeiotics --- Signs --- Symbolic representation --- Symbols --- Abbreviations --- Omens --- Sign language --- Symbolism --- Visual communication --- Social aspects. --- Historiography. --- Influence. --- history, holocaust, world war two, art, art history, late 19th century, 1945, religion, judaism, icon, shoah, jewish studies, music, architecture, human rights, american studies, jew, relic, symbols, railway car, murder, arbeit macht frei, auschwitz, concentration camp, six million, mass murder, anne frank, victimization, object, phrase, number, person, commodification.

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As a major advance in the study of medieval piety the interrelationship between the veneration of relics and of the Eucharistic Host is presented here for the first time. Traced through Christian Antiquity and the early Middle Ages, the veneration of the Host proves to be closely associated with the piety focused on relics of the Saints. Both were kept in the sleeping area of private homes, carried on journeys and placed in graves. They were buried together in altar tables and monks called on both for help in threatening circumstances. Like the relics, the sacred Host was later carried in procession, shown to the people for veneration and used to give blessings. This book offers a rich account of one of the most revealing dimensions of medieval belief and practice.

Christian church history --- Christian special devotions --- anno 500-1499 --- Culte des reliques --- Relic worship --- Relics --- Relics -- Worship --- Relics and reliquaries --- Relikwieen -- Verering --- Relikwieenverering --- Relikwieën --- Reliques --- Reliques -- Culte --- Reliques -- Vénération --- Reliques insignes --- Reliques minimes --- Reliques notables --- Sanctuaria --- Christian saints --- Lord's Supper --- Saints chrétiens --- Eucharistie --- Cult --- History --- Miracles --- Culte --- Histoire --- Lord'''''''''s Supper --- Lord'''s Supper --- Relics. --- Miracles. --- Cult. --- 235.3*15 --- 248.159.22 --- 264-052 --- -Lord's Supper --- -Relics --- Bones --- Religious articles --- Communion --- Eucharist --- Holy Communion --- Sacrament of the Altar --- Blood --- Sacraments --- Sacred meals --- Last Supper --- Mass --- Saints --- Canonization --- Hagiografie: vereringsgeschiedenis --- Devotie tot de Heilige Eucharistie --- Verering van relikwieën --- -Miracles --- Religious aspects --- Christianity --- 264-052 Verering van relikwieën --- 248.159.22 Devotie tot de Heilige Eucharistie --- 235.3*15 Hagiografie: vereringsgeschiedenis --- Saints chrétiens --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Europe --- Lord's Supper - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500. --- Lord's Supper - Miracles. --- Christian saints - Europe - Cult. --- Middle Ages, 500-1500

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What religion does not serve as a theater of tears? Holy Tears addresses this all but universal phenomenon with passion and precision, ranging from Mycenaean Greece up through the tragedy of 9/11. Sixteen authors, including many leading voices in the study of religion, offer essays on specific topics in religious weeping while also considering broader issues such as gender, memory, physiology, and spontaneity. A comprehensive, elegantly written introduction offers a key to these topics. Given the pervasiveness of its theme, it is remarkable that this book is the first of its kind--and it is long overdue. The essays ask such questions as: Is religious weeping primal or culturally constructed? Is it universal? Is it spontaneous? Does God ever cry? Is religious weeping altered by sexual or social roles? Is it, perhaps, at once scripted and spontaneous, private and communal? Is it, indeed, divine? The grief occasioned by 9/11 and violence in Afghanistan, Iraq, Israel, and elsewhere offers a poignant context for this fascinating and richly detailed book. Holy Tears concludes with a compelling meditation on the theology of weeping that emerged from pastoral responses to 9/11, as described in the editors' interview with Reverend Betsee Parker, who became head chaplain for the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York City and leader of the multifaith chaplaincy team at Ground Zero. The contributors are Diane Apostolos-Cappadona, Amy Bard, Herbert Basser, Santha Bhattacharji, William Chittick, Gary Ebersole, M. David Eckel, John Hawley, Gay Lynch, Jacob Olúpqnà (with Solá Ajíbádé), Betsee Parker, Kimberley Patton, Nehemia Polen, Kay Read, and Kallistos Ware.

Crying --- Religious aspects. --- Anchorite. --- Bhakti. --- Bodhisattva. --- Book of Lamentations. --- Braj. --- Buddhism. --- Chaplain. --- Christian art. --- Church Fathers. --- Contrition. --- Counter-Reformation. --- Crocodile tears. --- Damnation. --- Deity. --- Devotio Moderna. --- Devotio. --- Empty tomb. --- Equanimity. --- Exegesis. --- Ezekiel. --- Fall of man. --- Fertility rite. --- Glorification. --- God. --- Good and evil. --- Gopi. --- Hadith. --- Harrowing of Hell. --- Hasid (term). --- Husain. --- Hyperbole. --- Impermanence. --- Infidel. --- Isaac of Nineveh. --- Islamic literature. --- Jews. --- John Chrysostom. --- Judaism. --- Judas Maccabeus. --- Kabbalah. --- Karbala. --- Lament. --- Laughter. --- Literature. --- Mahayana. --- Majlis. --- Margery Kempe. --- Martyr. --- Mary Magdalene. --- Mary, mother of Jesus. --- Metatron. --- Midrash. --- Mircea Eliade. --- Mono no aware. --- Mortal sin. --- Mourning. --- Muslim. --- Names of God in Judaism. --- Oral Torah. --- Ordination of women. --- Pablo Picasso. --- Penitential. --- Perfection of Wisdom. --- Pity. --- Poemen. --- Poetry. --- Pope Gregory I. --- Popular piety. --- Premarital sex. --- Psalms. --- Pseudo-Bonaventura. --- Purgatory. --- Raccolta. --- Rashi. --- Recitation. --- Relic. --- Religion. --- Religious experience. --- Rite. --- Rogier van der Weyden. --- Sadness. --- Salvation. --- Shams Tabrizi. --- Shekhinah. --- Simon the Pharisee. --- Sin. --- Society of Jesus. --- Sotah (Talmud). --- Spirituality. --- Stupa. --- Sufism. --- Supplication. --- Surdas. --- Sutra. --- Ta'anit. --- Theodicy. --- Theology. --- To This Day. --- Virginity. --- William Chittick.

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A sweeping account of the controversies surrounding the worship of images in the early Byzantine churchIn 726, the Byzantine emperor, Leo III, issued an edict that all religious images in the empire were to be destroyed, a directive that was later endorsed by a synod of the church in 753 under his son, Constantine V. If the policy of Iconoclasm had succeeded, the entire history of Christian art-and of the Christian church, at least in the East-would have been altered.Iconoclasm was defeated by Byzantine politics, popular revolts, monastic piety, and, most fundamentally of all, by theology, just as it had been theology that the opponents of images had used to justify their actions. Analyzing an intriguing chapter in the history of ideas, the renowned scholar Jaroslav Pelikan shows how a faith that began by attacking the worship of images ended first in permitting and then in commanding it.Pelikan charts the theological defense of icons during the iconoclastic controversies of the eighth and ninth centuries, whose high point came in 787, when the Second Council of Nicaea restored the cult of images in the church. He demonstrates how the dogmas of the Trinity and the Incarnation eventually provided the basic rationale for images: because the invisible God had become human and therefore personally visible in Jesus Christ, it became permissible to make images of that Image. And because not only the human nature of Christ, but that of his Mother had been transformed by the Incarnation, she, too, could be "iconized," together with all the other saints and angels.The iconographic "text" of the book is provided by one of the very few surviving icons from the period before Iconoclasm, the Egyptian tapestry Icon of the Virgin now in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Other icons serve to illustrate the theological argument, just as the theological argument serves to explain the icons.In an incisive foreword, Judith Herrin explains the enduring importance of the book and discusses how later scholars have built on Pelikan's work.Please note: All images in this ebook are presented in black and white and have been reduced in size.

Iconoclasm. --- Icons --- Cult --- History of doctrines --- 750s. --- American Academy of Political and Social Science. --- Apse. --- Arius. --- Athanasius of Alexandria. --- Byzantine Empire. --- Byzantine Iconoclasm. --- Caliphate. --- Christian apologetics. --- Christian art. --- Christian materialism. --- Christian tradition. --- Christian worship. --- Christianity. --- Christology. --- Church Fathers. --- Clergy. --- Concordia Seminary. --- Constantinople. --- Creed. --- Cyril Mango. --- Development of doctrine. --- Dumbarton Oaks. --- Early Christian art and architecture. --- Early Christianity. --- Eastern Christianity. --- Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. --- Gerhard Wolf. --- Greek Orthodox Church. --- Icon corner. --- Icon. --- Iconodule. --- Idolatry. --- Illustration. --- Islam. --- J. Paul Getty Museum. --- Jaroslav Pelikan. --- Jews. --- Josyf Slipyj. --- Judith Herrin. --- Late Antiquity. --- Libri Carolini. --- Lutheranism. --- Majesty. --- Mount Sinai. --- Muslim. --- Nicene Creed. --- Nikephoros (Caesar). --- Paganism. --- Panel painting. --- Papal infallibility. --- Patriarch Germanos. --- Patriarch. --- Police state. --- Polytheism. --- Pope. --- Preface (liturgy). --- Raphael Samuel. --- Relic. --- Religious image. --- Saint Catherine's Monastery. --- Scrutiny. --- Spirituality. --- Theology. --- Theotokos. --- Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. --- V. --- Veneration. --- Writing.