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Before matter as we know it emerged, the universe was filled with the primordial state of hadronic matter called quark-gluon plasma. This hot soup of quarks and gluons is effectively an inescapable consequence of our current knowledge about the fundamental hadronic interactions: quantum chromodynamics. This book covers the ongoing search to verify the prediction experimentally and discusses the physical properties of this novel form of matter. It begins with an overview of the subject, followed by discussion of experimental methods and results. The second half of the book covers hadronic matter in confined and deconfined form, and strangeness as a signature of the quark-gluon phase. Covering the basics as well as more advanced material, it is ideal as an introduction for graduate students, as well as providing a valuable reference for researchers already working in this and related fields.
Quark-gluon plasma --- Hadrons --- Strongly interacting particles --- Gluon-quark plasma --- Matter, Quark --- Plasma, Quark --- Quark matter --- Quark plasma --- Hadrons. --- Quark-gluon plasma. --- Nuclear matter --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Partons
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Before matter as we know it emerged, the universe was filled with the primordial state of hadronic matter called quark-gluon plasma. This hot soup of quarks and gluons is effectively an inescapable consequence of our current knowledge about the fundamental hadronic interactions: quantum chromodynamics. This book covers the ongoing search to verify the prediction experimentally and discusses the physical properties of this novel form of matter. It begins with an overview of the subject, followed by a discussion of experimental methods and results. The second half of the book covers hadronic matter in confined and deconfined form, and strangeness as a signature of the quark-gluon phase. It is ideal as an introduction for graduate students, as well as providing a valuable reference for researchers already working in this and related fields. This title, first published in 2002, has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
Quark-gluon plasma. --- Hadrons. --- Strongly interacting particles --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Partons --- Gluon-quark plasma --- Matter, Quark --- Plasma, Quark --- Quark matter --- Quark plasma --- Nuclear matter
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This thesis offers an excellent, comprehensive introduction to the physics of the quark–gluon plasma. It clearly explains the connection between theory and experiment, making the topic accessible to non-specialists in this field. The experimental work, which contributes significantly to our understanding of the quark–gluon plasma, is described in great detail. The results described in the final chapters of the thesis provide interesting new ideas about the connection between proton-proton and Pb-Pb collisions. Simone Schuchmann received the 'ALICE Thesis Award 2016' for this excellent work. .
Physics. --- Cosmology. --- Nuclear physics. --- Heavy ions. --- Hadrons. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Quark-gluon plasma. --- Gluon-quark plasma --- Matter, Quark --- Plasma, Quark --- Quark matter --- Quark plasma --- Nuclear matter --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physics --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Ions
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The aim of this book is to offer to the next generation of young researchers a broad and largely self-contained introduction to the physics of heavy ion collisions and the quark-gluon plasma, providing material beyond that normally found in the available textbooks. For each of the main aspects - QCD thermodynamics and global features of the QGP, collision hydrodynamics, electromagnetic probes, jet and quarkonium production, color glass condensate, and the gravity connection - the present volume provides extensive and pedagogical lectures, surveying the present status of both theory and experiment. A particular feature of this volume is that all lectures have been written with the active assistance of selected students present at the course in order to ensure the adequate level and coverage for the intended readership.
Quark-gluon plasma --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Nuclear Physics --- Quark-gluon plasma. --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Gluon-quark plasma --- Matter, Quark --- Plasma, Quark --- Quark matter --- Quark plasma --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Nuclear physics. --- Heavy ions. --- Hadrons. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Nuclear matter
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This thesis contains new research in both experimental and theoretical particle physics, making important contributions in each. Two analyses of collision data from the ATLAS experiment at the LHC are presented, as well as two phenomenological studies of heavy coloured resonances that could be produced at the LHC. The first data analysis was the measurement of top quark-antiquark production with a veto on additional jet activity. As the first detector-corrected measurement of jet activity in top-antitop events it played an important role in constraining the theoretical modelling, and ultimately reduced these uncertainties for ATLAS's other top-quark measurements by a factor of two. The second data analysis was the measurement of Z+2jet production and the observation of the electroweak vector boson fusion (VBF) component. As the first observation of VBF at a hadron collider, this measurement demonstrated new techniques to reliably extract VBF processes and paved the way for future VBF Higgs measurements. The first phenomenological study developed a new technique for identifying the colour of heavy resonances produced in proton-proton collisions. As a by-product of this study an unexpected and previously unnoticed correlation was discovered between the probability of correctly identifying a high-energy top and the colour structure of the event it was produced in. The second phenomenological study explored this relationship in more detail, and could have important consequences for the identification of new particles that decay to top quarks.
Physics. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Quantum theory. --- Physique --- Théorie quantique --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Nuclear Physics --- Quantum chromodynamics. --- Quark-gluon plasma. --- Jets (Nuclear physics) --- Gluon-quark plasma --- Matter, Quark --- Plasma, Quark --- Quark matter --- Quark plasma --- Chromodynamics, Quantum --- QCD (Nuclear physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Nuclear matter --- Nuclear reactions --- Scattering (Physics) --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Quantum electrodynamics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Measurement . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics
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This thesis covers several important topics relevant to our understanding of quark-gluon plasma. It describes measurement of the third-order harmonic flow using two-particle correlations and isolation of flow and non-flow contributions to particle correlations in gold-gold collisions. The work also investigates long-range longitudinal correlations in small systems of deuteron-gold collisions. The former is related to the hydrodynamic transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma created in gold-gold collisions. The latter pertains to the question whether hydrodynamics is applicable to small systems, such as deuteron-gold collisions, and whether the quark-gluon plasma can be formed in those small-system collisions. The work presented in this thesis was conducted with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, where the center-of-mass energy of both collision systems was a factor of 100 larger than the rest mass of the colliding nuclei. The results contained in this thesis are highly relevant to our quest for deeper understanding of quantum chromodynamics. The results obtained challenge the interpretation of previous works from several other experiments on small systems, and provoke a fresh look at the physics of hydrodynamics and particle correlations pertinent to high energy nuclear collisions.
Physics. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Fluids. --- Nuclear physics. --- Heavy ions. --- Hadrons. --- Particle acceleration. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Quark-gluon plasma. --- Gluon-quark plasma --- Matter, Quark --- Plasma, Quark --- Quark matter --- Quark plasma --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physics --- Acceleration --- Hydraulics --- Mechanics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Ions
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This thesis presents theoretical and numerical studies on phenomenological description of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP), a many-body system of elementary particles. The author formulates a causal theory of hydrodynamics for systems with net charges from the law of increasing entropy and a momentum expansion method. The derived equation results can be applied not only to collider physics, but also to the early universe and ultra-cold atoms. The author also develops novel off-equilibrium hydrodynamic models for the longitudinal expansion of the QGP on the basis of these equations. Numerical estimations show that convection and entropy production during the hydrodynamic evolution are key to explaining excessive charged particle production, recently observed at the Large Hadron Collider. Furthermore, the analyses at finite baryon density indicate that the energy available for QGP production is larger than the amount conventionally assumed.
Collisions (Nuclear physics). --- Heavy ions. --- Nuclear physics. --- Quark-gluon plasma. --- Physics --- Research. --- Physical research --- Physics research --- Gluon-quark plasma --- Matter, Quark --- Plasma, Quark --- Quark matter --- Quark plasma --- Physics. --- Thermodynamics. --- Astrophysics. --- Cosmology. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Particle and Nuclear Physics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Nuclear matter --- Quantum theory. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Thermodynamics --- Mathematical physics. --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Physical mathematics --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Mathematics
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The book edition of the Universe Special Issue “Compact Stars in the QCD Phase Diagram” is devoted to the overarching aspects shared between heavy-ion collisions and compact star astrophysics in investigating the hadron-to-quark matter phase transition in the equation of state of strongly interacting matter in different regions of the phase diagram of QCD. It comprises 22 review and research articles that, together, will serve as a useful guide in educating both young and senior scientists in this emerging field that represents an intersection of the communities of strongly interacting matter theory, heavy-ion collision physics and compact star astrophysics.
Gamma-ray bursts --- collective flow --- vector interaction --- quarks --- meson production --- ? meson condensation --- neutrino --- magnetic DCDW --- pulsars --- light cluster emission --- monte carlo simulations --- neutron stars --- chiral symmetry --- GW170817 --- stellar structure --- supernova explosions --- maximum mass --- mass-radius relation --- nuclear equation of state --- in-medium effects --- Beth-Uhlenbeck equation of state --- speed of sound --- gravitational waves --- relativistic heavy-ion collisions --- crystalline structure --- neutron star --- finite density --- transport theory --- stellar evolution --- neutron star matter --- hadronic matter --- general relativity --- critical point --- ? resonances --- QCD matter --- modified excluded-volume mechanism --- cold-dense QCD --- quark stars --- quark-hole pairing --- finite size --- mass-twin stars --- pasta phases --- hybrid stars --- cluster virial expansion --- finite temperature --- quark-hadron phase transition --- hadron–quark continuity --- stellar magnetic field --- strangeness --- quark-gluon plasma --- pulsars: PSR J0737 ? 3039A --- pulsars: general --- combustion --- Mott dissociation --- hybrid compact stars --- quark deconfinement --- quark matter --- Gravitational waves --- pulsars: PSR J1757 ? 1854 --- neutrino emissivities --- directed flow --- star oscillations --- quark-hadron matter --- QCD phase diagram --- phase transition --- equation of state --- nuclear matter --- nuclear symmetry energy --- hydrodynamics --- deconfinement --- stars: neutron --- axion QED --- Quantum Chromodynamics --- dense matter --- heavy-ion collisions
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