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Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO), which transmits multiple data streams via multiple antenna elements, is one of the most attractive technologies in the wireless communication field. Its extension, called ‘massive MIMO’ or ‘large-scale MIMO’, in which base station has over one hundred of the antenna elements, is now seen as a promising candidate to realize 5G and beyond, as well as 6G mobile communications. It has been the first decade since its fundamental concept emerged. This Special Issue consists of 19 papers and each of them focuses on a popular topic related to massive MIMO systems, e.g. analog/digital hybrid signal processing, antenna fabrication, and machine learning incorporation. These achievements could boost its realization and deepen the academic and industrial knowledge of this field.

distributed massive MIMO --- phase noise --- amplified thermal noise --- spectral efficiency --- 5G --- massive MIMO --- computational efficiency --- precoding algorithms --- channel estimation --- far-field --- antenna array --- diagnosis procedure --- noisy data --- BCS --- millimeter-wave --- energy efficiency --- pilot contamination --- quantization noise --- massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) --- distributed antenna systems (DAS) --- sounding reference signal (SRS) --- Massive MIMO --- pilot decontamination --- MSE --- dynamic user scheduling --- dynamic pilot allocation --- beamforming --- line-of-sight --- Ricean fading --- frequency-selective --- power scaling --- hybrid beamforming --- HetNets --- mmWaves --- analog multi-beam --- hybrid beam-forming --- PHY layer --- MAC layer --- pilot assignment --- large-scale fading coefficients --- Bayesian inference --- overcomplete dictionary --- diamond-ring slot --- dual-polarized antenna --- mobile-phone antenna --- pattern diversity --- Metamaterials (MTM) --- leaky-wave antenna (LWA) --- antenna arrays --- substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) --- transverse slots --- beam-scanning --- mutual coupling isolation --- millimetre-wave --- composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) --- 5G wireless networks --- non-coherent detection --- QAM --- multi-user MIMO --- space division multiple access (SDMA) --- block diagonalization (BD) --- non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) --- broadcast channel --- discontinuous deception --- multiple beam communications --- artificial intelligence --- wireless communications --- non-orthogonal unicast and multicast transmission --- statistical channel state information --- beam domain --- massive MIMO systems --- MIDE algorithm --- low computational complexity --- BER --- resource allocation --- n/a