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Early human development from late gestation to the neonatal period is a critical time in the individual’s life span. Medical issues that compromise the brain functions during late gestation and the first months of life could lead to different developmental problems with consequent lifelong burdens for the growing individuals and their families, and a major socio-economic impact for the health care system and the whole of society. Any potential alleviation of perinatal adversities holds promise of an improved quality of life for the individual, and a major benefit for the society at large. It remains a concerted worldwide effort to improve our understanding on effective monitoring systems and clinical diagnostic procedures to reduce fetal impairment and improve healthcare in the neonatal and infant period. The focus of this Research Topic will be on the most recent developments and findings in the field of non-invasive functional brain monitoring in order to: 1) increase our knowledge on novel diagnostic tools and procedures for the surveillance of fetuses and newborn babies, 2) help us to perform high quality functional assessment of the developing human brain during pregnancy and after birth, 3) understand and diagnose pathological developments with a potentially high clinical and societal impact, 4) understand how to improve perinatal and infant care. Potential topics include, but are not restricted to: 1) non-invasive electrophysiological monitoring technologies for brain function in the fetus, neonate and infant, such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS), 2) novel or consolidated analytical methods and models for the quantification and interpretation of the functional signals recorded from the developing brain, 3) typical and atypical brain development during pregnancy and the first years of life, 4) personalized clinical diagnostic procedures for perinatal and paediatric surveillance.
Fetus --- Newborn infants --- Neurosciences --- Brain --- Development. --- Research. --- Imaging. --- embryology. --- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) --- Electroencephalography (EEG) --- prematurity --- neurodevelopment --- connectivity --- Brain monitoring --- cerebral blood flow --- autonomic nervous system (ANS) --- Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) --- fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG)
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Electromagnetism plays a crucial role in basic and applied physics research. The discovery of electromagnetism as the unifying theory for electricity and magnetism represents a cornerstone in modern physics. Symmetry was crucial to the concept of unification: electromagnetism was soon formulated as a gauge theory in which local phase symmetry explained its mathematical formulation. This early connection between symmetry and electromagnetism shows that a symmetry-based approach to many electromagnetic phenomena is recurrent, even today. Moreover, many recent technological advances are based on the control of electromagnetic radiation in nearly all its spectra and scales, the manipulation of matter–radiation interactions with unprecedented levels of sophistication, or new generations of electromagnetic materials. This is a fertile field for applications and for basic understanding in which symmetry, as in the past, bridges apparently unrelated phenomena―from condensed matter to high-energy physics. In this book, we present modern contributions in which symmetry proves its value as a key tool. From dual-symmetry electrodynamics to applications to sustainable smart buildings, or magnetocardiography, we can find a plentiful crop, full of exciting examples of modern approaches to electromagnetism. In all cases, symmetry sheds light on the theoretical and applied works presented in this book.
electromagnetic knots --- helicity --- spin-orbital momentum --- magnetocardiography --- quadratic penalty --- variational mode decomposition --- correlation coefficient --- interval thresholding method --- periodic structures --- dispersion diagram --- high-order coupling --- glide symmetry --- smart building --- harmonics --- geometric algebra --- Poynting Multivector --- electric-magnetic duality symmetry --- quantum anomalies --- optical helicity --- electromagnetic polarization --- particle creation --- Maxwell theory --- constraint equations --- evolutionary equations --- Barium hexaferrite --- titanium --- hysteresis --- X-ray diffraction --- permanent magnet applications --- n/a --- hopfion --- Bateman construction --- null fields --- magnetic levitation --- electrodynamic structure --- ground high speed system --- finite element analysis --- non-local action --- electrodynamics --- electromagnetic duality symmetry --- Aharonov-Bohm effect --- Harvesting --- low-power applications --- vibration --- micro-generator --- optimal solution --- magnetic circuit --- periodical structure --- effective power density --- symmetry
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