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Philology --- Circolo linguistico fiorentino. --- Philology.

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This book is an adaptation of a thesis presented at the National University of the Altiplano. The objective of the research was to evaluate the influence of the linguistic threshold on the reading competence of bilingual students. The study was carried out with two groups of 27 Castilian-Quechua and Quechua-Castilian second grade secondary school students from INA 21 in Azángaro, using a quantitative approach, explanatory research type and quasi-experimental design with entry and exit test. The linguistic threshold was determined through receptive and productive vocabulary tests, after a reading reinforcement program; reading competence, through the reading tests of the Ministry of Education; and the relationship between linguistic threshold and reading competence, through Pearson's correlation (r). The results indicate that all the variables evaluated were significant (p < 0.05). The linguistic threshold of the Spanish-Quechua group was higher than that of the Quechua-Spanish group, at an advanced level vs. beginner, a receptive vocabulary of 2130 vs. 975 of the 3000 most frequent words, and a lexical coverage of 71.0 vs. 32.5%, respectively. The reading competence of the Spanish-Quechua group was higher than that of the Quechua-Spanish group, with a score of 718 (satisfactory) vs. 594 (in process), respectively. The correlation between the linguistic threshold and reading competence was high (r = 0.76) and significant (p < 0.05), showing causality and direct positive association between the variables. Based on the results, it is concluded that the linguistic threshold positively influences the reading competence of bilingual Spanish-Quechua and Quechua-Spanish students, showing a significant gap in the achievement of their learning. Este libro es una adaptación de una tesis presentada en la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la influencia del umbral lingüístico en la competencia lectora de estudiantes bilingües. El estudio se realizó con dos grupos de 27 estudiantes castellano-quechua y quechua-castellano de segundo grado de secundaria del INA 21 de Azángaro, en enfoque cuantitativo, tipo de investigación explicativa y diseño cuasi experimental con prueba de entrada y salida. El umbral lingüístico se determinó mediante pruebas de vocabulario receptivo y productivo, después de un programa de reforzamiento en lectura; la competencia lectora, mediante las pruebas de lectura del Ministerio de Educación; y la relación entre umbral lingüístico y competencia lectora, a través de la correlación de Pearson (r). Los resultados indican que todas las variables evaluadas fueron significativas (p < 0.05). El umbral lingüístico del grupo castellano-quechua fue mayor que el del grupo quechua-castellano, en un nivel avanzado vs. principiante, un vocabulario receptivo de 2130 vs. 975 de las 3000 palabras más frecuentes, y una cobertura léxica de 71.0 vs. 32.5%, respectivamente. La competencia lectora del grupo castellano-quechua fue mayor que la del grupo quechua-castellano, con un puntaje de 718 (satisfactorio) vs. 594 (en proceso), respectivamente. La correlación entre el umbral lingüístico y la competencia lectora fue alta (r = 0.76) y significativa (p < 0.05), evidenciando causalidad y asociación positiva directa entre las variables. A partir de los resultados se concluye que, el umbral lingüístico influye positivamente en la competencia lectora de estudiantes bilingües castellano-quechua y quechua-castellano, manifestándose con una brecha significativa en el logro de sus aprendizajes.

bilingüe --- castellano --- competencia lectora --- quechua --- umbral lingüístico

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Bringing together a team of renowned international scholars, this volume provides a wide-ranging collection of historical and state-of-the-art perspectives on language regard, particularly in the context of language variation and language change, and importantly, highlights the range of new methodologies being used by linguists to explore and evaluate it. The importance of language regard to the inquiry of language variation and change in the field of sociolinguistics is increasingly being recognized, yet misunderstandings about its nature and importance continue to exist. This volume provides scholars and students of sociolinguistics, with the tools and theory to pursue such inquiry. Contributions and research come from Europe, North America, and Asia, and language varieties such as Spanish, Dutch, Danish, and American Sign Language are discussed.

English language --- Linguistic change --- Sociolinguistics --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Historical linguistics --- Language and languages --- Variation --- Language and culture --- Linguistics --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Germanic languages --- Sociolingüística --- Cambio lingüístico --- Dialectos --- Inglés --- Aspectos sociales

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Literary semiotics --- Art --- Semiotics and the arts. --- Prazsky linguisticky krouzek --- Prague Linguistic Circle --- Linguistic Circle, Prague --- Linguistický kroužek (Prague, Czechoslovakia) --- Cercle linguistique, Prague --- C.L.P. (Cercle linguistique, Prague) --- Prazhskiĭ lingvisticheskiĭ kruzhok --- CLP (Cercle linguistique, Prague) --- Prague School --- Prague (Czechoslovakia). --- Circolo linguistico di Praga --- Scuola di Praga --- Semiotics and the arts --- Arts and semiotics --- Arts --- Pražský linguistický kroužek.

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The aim of this volume is to witness how the activities of the Prague School have continued to bring important new insights and discussions between the 1940's and the present time. Contributions are included which have escaped attention on an international scale because they were published in Czech; several papers have been written especially for this volume. The contributions cover various domains: syntax, morphology, sociolinguistics, graphemics, the language system, the lexicon, and contrastive linguistics.

Structural linguistics --- Prazsky linguisticky krouzek --- Structural linguistics. --- Linguistics [Structural ] --- Linguistique structurale --- Linguïstiek [Structurele ] --- Structurele linguïstiek --- Structurele taalwetenschap --- Taalwetenschap [Structurele ] --- Linguistics --- Prague Linguistic Circle --- Linguistic Circle, Prague --- Linguistický kroužek (Prague, Czechoslovakia) --- Cercle linguistique, Prague --- C.L.P. (Cercle linguistique, Prague) --- Prazhskiĭ lingvisticheskiĭ kruzhok --- CLP (Cercle linguistique, Prague) --- Prague School --- Prague (Czechoslovakia). --- Circolo linguistico di Praga --- Scuola di Praga --- Pražský linguistický kroužek.