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The papers included in this Special Issue "Bioactive Molecules from Extreme Environments" provide an overview of the growing interest in species biodiversity, highlighting the importance of marine extreme environments as sources of a unique marine chemical diversity of molecules. It is worth noting that six articles in this Special Issue are focused on molecules and enzymes isolated from Antarctica. This means that there is a growing interest in this habitat, most probably due to being perceived as an important source of drug discovery. In fact, the unique environment and ecological pressures of marine polar regions might be the major drivers of a selection of unique biological communities that are able to biosynthesize new compounds with diverse biological activities. It is expected that, in the near future, more marine molecules from polar regions, as well as from other extreme habitats, will find their way into biomedical and biotechnological applications.

Latrunculia --- Antarctica --- deep-sea sponge --- molecular networking --- molecular docking --- discorhabdin --- Arctic/Antarctic environment --- biocatalysis --- cold-adaptation --- marine biotechnology --- deep sea --- extremophilic microorganisms --- extremozyme --- thermophilic enzyme --- psychrophilic enzyme --- halophilic enzyme --- piezophilic enzyme --- chitinase --- cold-adapted --- optimization --- antifungal --- Pseudomonas --- Deinococcus --- deinoxanthin --- carotenoid --- deep-sea --- extreme --- ecosystem --- fungi --- bioactive compounds --- secondary metabolites --- halophilic bacteria --- archaea and fungi --- biomolecules --- biomedicine --- antimicrobial compounds --- anticancer compounds --- green synthesis biomaterials --- silver nitrate --- antibiotics --- nanotechnology --- marine prokaryotes --- microbial diversity --- polyextremophiles --- deep hypersaline anoxic basins --- blue biotechnologies --- extremozymes --- limits of life --- Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) --- genome survey --- mitochondrial genome --- whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) --- antimicrobial peptide (AMP) --- antihypertensive peptide (AHTP) --- cypermethrin --- biosurfactants --- biodegradation capacities --- marine sediments --- Arctic/Antarctic --- deep hypersaline anoxic basin --- cold-adapted bacteria --- halophilic microorganisms --- marine natural product --- enzyme --- silver nanoparticle --- marine bioprospecting