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Ferns --- -Thelypteris --- Tropics --- Thelypteridaceae --- Fern --- Filicineae --- Filicophyta --- Filicopsida --- Polypodiophyta --- Pterophyta --- Pteridophyta --- Thelypteris

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Textual criticism is a philological speciality centered in a work-in-progress of text-production and/or its transmission. Textual criticism works on the author manuscripts and all the marks left by him, which document the process of textual representation conditioned by the author's intention and the linguistic system he/she uses, since the most primitive form (sketches) to its terminal level or final form. Also, textual criticism considers the existent manuscript (if present), or conjecture its original form (if absent), and then the tradition derived from it, studying the departures from the tradition when compared to the original (if present); or reconstruct the closest lesson to what the original would have been (if absent). The present essays document a set of theoretical reflections and practices of the author on textual criticism in general, and genetics in particular, applied to medieval manuscripts and to manuscripts of great Portuguese writers such as Camilo Castelo Branco, Antero de Quental, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa or Vitorino Nemésio.

Pessoa (fern --- Textual criticism --- Genetic criticism --- Critical editing --- Medieval manuscript --- Author manuscript --- Queiroz (eça de) --- Philology --- O) --- Nemésio (vitorino)

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This new encyclopaedia, the second volume of which is presented here, offers access to the diversity of ferns and seed plants, the most imrtant groups of green land plants. Available information of general and systematic relevance is synthesized at the level of families. Evidence from virtually all disciplines important to modern taxonomy makes the work a most valuable source of reference not only for taxonomists, but for all who are interested in the various aspects of plant diversity. A revised classification includes a complete inventory of genera along with their diagnostic features, keys for identification, and references to the literature.

Dicotyledons --- Classification. --- -#WPLT:syst --- Dicots --- Dicotyledoneae --- Dicotyledones --- Dicotyls --- Magnoliopsida --- Angiosperms --- Classification --- SUR Systematic Surveys --- Dicotyledonae --- classification --- systematic surveys --- systematics --- 582.42 --- 582.43 --- Gymnosperms --- -Pteridophyta --- Fern allies --- Vascular cryptogams --- Archegoniatae --- Gymnospermae in general. Archispermae. Naked-seed plants. The first seed plants --- Cycadofilicales. Pteridospermae. Fern-like seed plants --- Gymnospermae = Gymnosperms --- 582.43 Cycadofilicales. Pteridospermae. Fern-like seed plants --- 582.42 Gymnospermae in general. Archispermae. Naked-seed plants. The first seed plants --- Pteridophyta --- #WPLT:syst --- Pteridophytes --- Cryptogams --- Phanerogams --- Plants --- Botanique --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Zoology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Dicotyledons - Classification --- ANGIOSPERMS --- DICOTYLEDONS --- CLASSIFICATION --- GYMNOSPERMS --- PTERIDOPHYTA

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American fiction --- American fiction --- Masculinity in literature --- Sentimentalism in literature --- Sex role in literature --- Women authors --- History and criticism --- History and criticism --- Fern, Fanny, --- Jacobs, Harriet A. --- Warner, Susan, --- Wilson, Harriet E.,

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Ferns existing today represent a genetic inheritance of great value as they include species of ancient vascular plants, which have direct connection with the crucial steps done in the past for settling life on Earth. Their life cycle is an example of alternation of generations, in which both a multicellular diploid organism and a multicellular haploid organism occur and give rise to the other. Spore, gametophyte and sporophyte have been studied either for basic and practical purposes. In the first case, they offer us simple and easy to grow experimental systems to investigate on plant development, and secondly, they are culture by their ornamental appeal, their environmental benefit or as source of metabolites. This timely volume brings a selection of chapters, each one composed by experts in their respective fields. The chapters included cover a broad range from the knowledge of its biology and contribution to understanding of plant development, useful protocols for propagation and conservation purposes, genetic variability as well as environmental and theurapeutical applications. This wide spectrum of the contributions gives to reader a rapid idea of the enormous potential of this plant group. The originality of this book is to expose the most recent tendencies in their investigation, which is far from the traditional perspective usually followed. The collected articles in this volume incorporate most of novel techniques used nowadays routinely to resolve traditional questions. Ashwani Kumar Professor, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. The author’s repertoire of published works spreads across 150 research articles in various national and international journals. He has an experience of over three decades in his field of research, namely, tissue culture and biochemistry, being awarded with prestigeous V. Puri Medal in 2008 for his services to advancement of Botany. Helena Fernández Associate Professor, Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, Oviedo University, Spain. Her research focuses on micropropagation and reproduction in ferns during the two last decades. In 2002 she obtained the award “Ramón y Cajal” by The Ministry of Science and Technology, being engaged to the Oviedo University as tenurer, full time, in the Area of Plant Physiology since then. M. Angeles Revilla Plant Physioloy Assistant Professor in the Biology Faculty at the Oviedo University (Spain) since 1987. Twenty years experience in plant tissue culture. She has also worked in cryopreservation and genetic stability for the last ten years, mainly in the development of protocols for in vitro shoot apices in agronomic species.

Ferns -- Biotechnology. --- Ferns -- Development. --- Ferns -- Therapeutic use. --- Ferns. --- Ferns --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Fungi & Algae --- Botany - General --- Development --- Biotechnology --- Therapeutic use --- Plants --- Development. --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Fern --- Filicineae --- Filicophyta --- Filicopsida --- Polypodiophyta --- Pterophyta --- Life sciences. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Sciences. --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Pteridophyta --- Ontogeny --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Floristic botany