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This volume - grown out of an international conference at Freiburg University in 1999 - deals with various aspects of Shiite Islam since the 18th century. It is divided into two major parts, the first of which is dedicated to traditional institutions of theology and learning and their transformation in modern times. The second part treats internal debates and the activities of Shiite dissidents, showing that Shiism is far from being uniform. Ideological and political developments in the 20th century and especially the Islamic Revolution in Iran have shaped the image of modern Shiism more than any other tendencies and are therefore also discussed in greater detail in Parts three and four. This book reflects the state of the art in this field of Islamic studies, its 21 contributions covering three centuries and a vast geographical range.

Imams (Shiites). --- Shiites. --- Shi'ah --- Imams (Chiites) --- Chiites --- Chiisme --- Political aspects. --- Doctrines. --- Aspect politique --- Doctrines --- Imams (Shiites) --- Shiites --- Shīʻah --- Political aspects --- Shīʻah --- Imāms (Chiites) --- Shia Muslims --- Shiah Muslims --- Shiahs --- Shias --- Shiite Muslims --- Muslims --- Imams --- Cultural aspects --- Shīʻah - Political aspects --- Shīʻah - Doctrines

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Since the publication in 1921 of Ignaz Goldziher's Die Richtungen der islamischen Koransauslegung , which includes a discussion of Imāmī exegesis, no comprehensive work on this topic has appeared. In the intervening years, important Imāmī commentaries on the Qur'ān have become available, making possible a reappraisal of the subject. The present study aims to contribute to this task, primarily by examining the features and methods of Imāmī exegesis. Principally, it offers a description and analysis of the major tenets of Imāmī doctrine, as reflected in the earliest Imāmī works of exegesis and related sources, up to the Major Occultation of the twelfth Imam in 329/941. These include, among others, the belief in a primordial covenant between God and the Shī'a, and the superhuman and mystical qualities with which the Imams were graced, such as their God-given, infinite knowledge, their intercession on behalf of their community, their immunity from sin and error, etc. Other tenets relate to the attitude of Imāmī Shī'ism to its enemies, e.g. the duty to denigrate and dissociate from them. These and similar ideas are constant motifs in Imāmī exegesis, and are linked time and again with various Qur'ānic verses. Relying on classical and modern Arabic sources, Sunnī and Shī'ī alike, as well as on a wide range of western research, Meir Bar-Asher sheds new light on the Imāmī methods of exegesis and on the principal Imāmī doctrines as reflected in the early Imāmī exegetical corpus.

Qur'an --- Commentaries --- History and criticism --- Criticism, interpretation, etc --- Imams (Shiites) - History. --- Shåi°ah - History. --- Imams (Shiites) --- Shiism --- History --- Imams --- Shīʻah --- Shiites --- Imamites --- Shia --- Twelvers (Islam) --- Islamic sects --- Alids --- Coran --- Imāms (chiites) --- Chiisme --- Critique, interprétation, etc. --- 10e siècle --- 11e siècle --- Histoire

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Shi'ah --- Shiites --- Identity (Psychology) --- Religious life --- Chiisme --- Chiites --- Identité (Psychologie) --- Vie religieuse --- Religious aspects --- Islam --- Aspect religieux --- Shīʻah --- Identité (Psychologie) --- Imamites --- Shia --- Shiism --- Twelvers (Islam) --- Islamic sects --- Alids --- Personal identity --- Personality --- Self --- Ego (Psychology) --- Individuality --- Religious aspects&delete& --- Shiite authors --- Religious life (Islam)

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Islam --- Shiites --- Shīʻah --- Chiites --- Shiites. --- Doctrines --- Study and teaching --- Politics and government --- Étude et enseignement --- Politique et gouvernement --- Study and teaching. --- Doctrines. --- 2000-2099 --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Imamites --- Shia --- Shiism --- Twelvers (Islam) --- Islamic sects --- Alids --- Shia Muslims --- Shiah Muslims --- Shiahs --- Shias --- Shiite Muslims --- Islamic studies --- Chiisme

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"In Geschichtsschreibung im Handschriftenzeitalter, Philip Bockholt addresses the question of how history was written in the premodern Islamic world, and offers new insights into one of the most important chronicles composed in Persian, Khvāndamīrs universal history Habib al-siyar. Taking into account the political events which occurred in Iran and India around 1500, he examines the manuscript tradition of the work, and gives an in-depth analysis of how the author adapted his chronicle to the Shii and Sunni religio-political outlook of his Safavid and Mughal overlords. Making use of new approaches in the fields of history and philology, the work proves how texts were transmitted and modified for various audiences during premodern times.

Shīʻah. --- Sunnites. --- Khvānd Mīr, Ghiyās̲ al-Dīn ibn Humām al-Dīn, --- Islamic Empire --- Historiography. --- History --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Shīʻah --- Chiites. --- Khvānd Mīr, Ghiyās̲ al-Dīn ibn Humām al-Dīn, --- H̱wānd Mīr, Ġiyās̲ al-Dīn ibn Humām al-Dīn --- Empire islamique --- Historiographie. --- H̱wānd Mīr, Ġiyās̲ al-Dīn ibn Humām al-Dīn