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Autophagy in Current Trends in Cellular Physiology and Pathology is addressed to one of the fundamental molecular mechanisms - autophagy- evolutionarily adopted by cells for processing of unnecessary or malfunctioned constituents and shaping intracellular structures, adjusting them to environmental conditions, aging, disease, neoplasia, and damages over their life period. Particular attention is paid to autophagy-mediated barrier processes of selective sequestration and recycling of impaired organelles and degradation of invading microorganisms, that is, the processes sustaining intrinsic resistance to stress, tissue degeneration, toxic exposures, and infections. The presented topics encompass personal experience and visions of the chapter contributors and the editors; the book chapters include a broad analysis of literature on biology of autophagy.

Phagocytosis. --- Cytology. --- Autophagy. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Antigen-antibody reactions --- Endocytosis --- Immune response --- Immunology --- Phagosomes --- Pinocytosis --- Reticulo-endothelial system --- Tuftsin --- Autophagic vacuoles. --- Autophagocytosis --- Life Sciences --- Microbiology --- Genetics and Molecular Biology --- Cytology --- Biochemistry

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The present volume focuses on microbial invasion strategies of pathogen uptake. An accompanying volume (Vol. 5) in the series presents the phagocytic process from the viewpoint of the host cell. This field of study is growing rapidly after a somewhat slow start over recent decades. This collection of invited chapters attempts to reflect current research and brings together cell biologists, microbiologists, and immunologists with disthemes, hopefully like a symphony rather than a boring catalogue. It will be evident that editorial bias favors intracellular parasitism and medically important

Phagocytosis. --- Phagocytes. --- Macrophages. --- Microbial invasiveness. --- Invasion, Microbial --- Invasiveness, Microbial --- Microbial invasion --- Microorganisms --- Virulence (Microbiology) --- Histiocytes --- Mononuclear phagocytes --- Antigen presenting cells --- Connective tissue cells --- Killer cells --- Phagocytes --- Reticulo-endothelial system --- Cells --- Immune system --- Antigen-antibody reactions --- Endocytosis --- Immune response --- Immunology --- Phagosomes --- Pinocytosis --- Tuftsin --- Invasion --- Invasiveness

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Phagocytosis has been at the forefront of cell biology for more than a century. Initially, phagocytosis, which comes from Greek words meaning “devouring cells,” was discovered in the late 19th century by Ilya Metchnikoff, who was awarded, together with Paul Ehrlich, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1908 “in recognition of their work on immunity.” At that time Metchnikoff had already identified a function for phagocytes not only in host defense but also as scavengers of degenerating host cells during metamorphosis of tadpoles, thus providing one of the first descriptions of apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages (Kaufmann 2008). Since then, much has been learned about phagocytosis, and the previous several decades have witnessed outstanding progress in understanding the functions and the molecular mechanisms of phagocytosis. Two main types of targets are cleared by phagocytosis: microbial pathogens and dying cells. Rapid recognition and clearance of dying cells by phagocytes plays a pivotal role in development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, control of immune responses, and resolution of inflammation. Clearance of dying cells can be divided into several stages, including sensing, r- ognition, binding and signaling, internalization, and immunological responses. In this book, our contributors address these different stages of dead cell cle- ance and examine how impaired clearance of dying cells may lead to human d- eases. We have attempted to provide sufficient cross-referencing and indexing to enable the reader to easily locate the ideas elaborated in the different chapters.

Cytology. --- Immunology. --- Medicine. --- Oncology. --- Rheumatology. --- Phagocytosis --- Cell death --- Disease --- Physiology --- Cell Death --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Immune System Processes --- Endocytosis --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Blood Physiological Processes --- Immunity, Innate --- Pathologic Processes --- Immunity --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Immune System Phenomena --- Blood Physiological Phenomena --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Circulatory and Respiratory Physiological Phenomena --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Phenomena and Processes --- Diseases --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Phagocytosis. --- Cell death. --- Cell degeneration --- Cancer research. --- Apoptosis. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Cells --- Death (Biology) --- Antigen-antibody reactions --- Immune response --- Immunology --- Phagosomes --- Pinocytosis --- Reticulo-endothelial system --- Tuftsin --- Oncology  . --- Internal medicine --- Connective tissues --- Joints --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cytologists --- Tumors --- Cancer research

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Phagocytosis is the engulfment of particulate matter by cells. It is a fundamental (and probably “primitive”) cell biological process which is important in single celled organisms such as amoeba; multicellular animals including coelenterates; and in higher animals. In humans and other mammals, specialised immune cells (phagocytes) utilise phagocytosis in their crucial role of engulfing and destroying infecting microbes. Yet, surprisingly, the biophysics and biochemistry underlying the process has only become clear recently with the advent of genetic manipulation and advances in single cell imaging. In this volume, the aim is to bring together recent fundamental advances that give a clear picture of the underlying mechanism involved in phagocytosis. Not only is this an important topic in its own right, but a full understanding of the process will have a potential impact on human medicine, since as antibiotics become less effective in fight infection, researchers are looking at alternative approaches, including enhancing the “natural” immunity brought about by immune phagocytes. The aim is to provide a comprehensive volume on the topic, with separate chapters on identified recent advances, each written by the major contributors in each area. In addition, the volume will attempt to give a wider overview than is often the case in single author reviews, with an emphasis here on the cell biological understanding of phagocytosis using biophysical approaches alongside the biochemical and imaging approaches.

Immunology. --- Molecular biology. --- Medical microbiology. --- Cell biology. --- Biochemistry. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Cell Biology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Composition --- Phagocytosis --- Molecular biology --- Research. --- Antigen-antibody reactions --- Endocytosis --- Immune response --- Immunology --- Phagosomes --- Pinocytosis --- Reticulo-endothelial system --- Tuftsin --- Phagocytosis. --- Phagocytes. --- Phagocyte --- Phagocytic Cell --- Phagocytic Cells --- Cell, Phagocytic --- Cells, Phagocytic --- Mononuclear Phagocyte System --- Phagocytoses --- Leukocytes --- Macrophages --- Opsonin Proteins --- Fagocitosi --- Citologia --- Biologia molecular --- Resposta immunitària --- Sistema reticuloendotelial --- Biofísica molecular --- Bioquímica molecular --- Biofísica --- Bioquímica --- Histoquímica --- Biologia molecular vegetal --- Codi genètic --- Diagnòstic molecular --- Endocrinologia molecular --- Evolució molecular --- Farmacologia molecular --- Genètica molecular --- Glicòmica --- Metabolòmica --- Microbiologia molecular --- Neurobiologia molecular --- Patologia molecular --- Proteòmica --- Reconeixement molecular --- Biomolècules --- Biologia cel·lular --- Biologia --- Citogenètica --- Citoquímica --- Migració cel·lular --- Cèl·lules --- Cèl·lules animals --- Ultraestructura (Biologia) --- Medicine—Research. --- Biology—Research. --- Cytology. --- Biomedical Research.