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The present book addresses to the teachers and would-be teachers who contemplate on the efficiency of the teaching-learning process in the context of studying the Romanian language in the schools and classes of national minorities, especially in those of the Hungarian minority. In these seven chapters we approach social and linguistic moments of the reality, both in practice, focusing on its contrastive grammar connotations, and in its psycho-pedagogical relevance, as it is present in the schools. At the end we offer our readers a detailed list of definitions of the special notions used in this field. In the present book we used the notion "Romanian as non-native language" first of all in order to describe the phenomenon by means of a short and easy to use term, which also reflects the complex existence of the bilingual person in the context of institutional language acquisition, preponderantly in schools with teaching language of national minorities. These subjects are from different, mostly monolingual backgrounds, but also from bilingual or multilingual families. The term we use has also the advantage of attracting attention to the special character of the phenomenon, reflecting the fact that it has a very differing status from foreign languages. In this context, the present text describes the optimal skills and competencies of any efficient teacher, clarifies basic notions and definitions of the institutional bilingualism, this latter's forms and errors and mistakes caused by different aspects of bilingualism, including their solving, too. The text also refers to the outstanding didactic value of linguistic code switching. It worth mentioning how bilingualism creates and constitutes meaning and sense, and what effects it has on the non-native language related reading and expressing actions. I consider that the present writing may constitute a premise to the elaboration of new textbooks, academic writings, and I hope the ideas formulated here will offer creative points of reference in the education and formation of teachers and would-be teachers.".

Speech therapy. --- Speech disorders in children.

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Hearing disorders in children --- Speech disorders in children --- Complications

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This book reprints articles from the Special Issue "Advances in Computer-Aided Technology" published online in the open-access journal Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This book consists of thirteen published articles. This Special Issue belongs to the "Mechatronic and Intelligent Machines" section. Industry 4.0 is characterized by the integration of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and cloud computing, into traditional manufacturing and production processes. CAx (Computer-Aided Systems) systems are a set of computer software tools used in engineering and product design, covering various stages of the product development cycle. Advanced CAx tools combine many different aspects of product lifecycle management (PLM), including design, finite element analysis (FEA), manufacturing, production planning and product. In connection with the transition to Industry 4.0 concepts, the concept of the digital twin comes to the fore, and existing CAx systems must adapt to this trend. The Special Issue deals with a number of research areas, such as: - New trends in CAx systems; Digital manufacturing; Internet of Things in manufacturing; Simulation of production systems and processes; Systems for advanced finite element analysis; Material engineering; Digitization and 3D scanning.

Speech therapy for children. --- Speech disorders in children --- Children --- Treatment --- Diseases

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Oral communication --- Speech disorders in children --- Speech therapy --- Psychological aspects --- Psychological aspects

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This text provides a comprehensive review of the assessment and management of pediatric voice and swallowing disorders from the perspectives of both the pediatric laryngologist as well as the speech-language pathologist whose collaboration is critical to effective clinical care. All chapters are written by experts in dual fields and formatted to present a straightforward approach to diagnosing and managing each disorder, including descriptions of relevant operative interventions. Multiple intraoperative photographs and illustrations depicting how to perform each surgical procedure are also included. Multidisciplinary Management of Pediatric Voice and Swallowing Disorders will serve as a useful step-by-step guide and resource for not only otolaryngologists and speech-language pathologists, but all members of the pediatric aerodigestive team and all other providers caring for children affected by voice and swallowing disorders.

Otorhinolaryngology. --- Voice disorders in children. --- Pediatric otolaryngology --- Speech disorders in children --- Ear, nose, and throat diseases --- ENT diseases --- Otorhinolaryngology --- Medicine