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Somatostatin --- Growth Hormone

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Somatostatin --- Pantethine --- Peptide hormones --- Amino acids --- Neurochemistry --- Somatostatin --- Cysteamine --- Neurochemistry --- Amino Acids --- Peptides

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Pituitary hormone releasing factors --- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone --- MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone --- Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones --- Somatostatin --- Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

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Identification and development of cancer biomarkers and targets have greatly accelerated progress towards precision medicine in oncology. Studies of tumor biology have not only provided insights into the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, but also led to discovery of molecules that have been developed into cancer biomarkers and targets. Multi-platforms for molecular characterization of tumors using next-generation genomic sequencing, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and blood-based biopsies have greatly expanded the portfolio of potential biomarkers and targets. These cancer biomarkers have been developed for diagnosis, early detection, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. The molecular targets have been exploited for anti-cancer therapy and delivery of therapeutic agents. This Special Issue of Biomedicines focuses on recent advances in the discovery, characterization, translation, and clinical application of cancer biomarkers and targets in malignant diseases of the digestive system. The goal is to stimulate basic and translational research and clinical collaboration in this exciting field with the hope of developing strategies for prevention and early detection/diagnosis of cancer in digestive organs, and improving therapeutic and psychosocial outcomes in patients with these malignant diseases.

n/a --- liver graft injury --- HFE --- neurokinin --- chemotherapy --- intestinal tumors --- therapeutic targets --- biliary tract carcinoma --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- clinical trial --- cell adhesion molecules --- colorectal cancer --- biomarkers --- phenotypic mosaics --- gastrointestinal oncology --- Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) --- biomarker --- psychosocial support --- precision therapy --- pancreatic carcinoma --- precision medicine --- Liver transplantation --- predictive biomarkers --- CD274 --- cholecystokinin --- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) --- gastrin --- pembrolizumab --- immunotherapy --- gastrin-releasing peptide --- stereotactic body radiation therapy --- immunohistochemistry --- gastric carcinoma --- liver transplant --- CAM invasion assay --- intragraft gene expression profiles --- molecular profiling --- targeted therapy --- neurotensin --- intestinal disorder --- ramucirumab --- next-generation sequencing --- colorectal carcinoma --- tumor progenitor --- circulating tumor cells --- gastrointestinal malignancies --- bombesin --- trastuzumab --- somatostatin --- zebrafish --- G protein–coupled receptors --- G protein-coupled receptors

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This Special Issue is dedicated to neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), a category of malignancy that demonstrates wide clinical heterogeneity, posing major challenges in diagnosis and management. There have been significant advances in the field of NEN genomics, pathology, imaging, and treatment over the past five years. NENs are examples of rare tumours (although their incidence and prevalence are increasing) where international collaborative efforts have allowed the generation of high-level evidence to guide optimal patient-centred care. This issue presents both reviews and original papers to provide comprehensive state-of-the-art understanding of this fascinating disease.

small bowel neuroendocrine tumours --- pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours --- liver metastases --- midgut --- meta-analysis --- neuroendocrine tumors --- carcinoid heart disease --- carcinoid syndrome --- somatostatin analogues --- metastases --- multidisciplinary --- management --- outcome --- grading --- staging --- neuroendocrine neoplasms --- chemotherapy --- temozolomide --- metronomic treatment --- second-line --- NOTCH --- cancer-driven genes --- mutational mechanism --- germline mutations --- small cell lung carcinoma --- pancreatic NET --- small bowel NET --- medullary thyroid carcinoma --- malignant castration-resistant prostatic cells --- quality performance indicators --- QPIs --- cancer care --- neuroendocrine tumour --- NETs --- modified Delphi --- CommNETs --- pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms --- neuroendocrine tumor --- long-term functional outcomes --- pancreatectomy --- diabetes mellitus --- pancreatic exocrine insufficiency --- body mass index --- parenchyma-sparing surgery --- neuroendocrine tumours --- curative surgery --- resection --- follow-up --- guidelines --- relapse --- recurrence --- risk factor --- mixed non-neuroendocrine neuroendocrine neoplasms --- MiNENs --- mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma --- MANEC --- 2017 WHO classification --- 2019 WHO classification