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The production of heavy quarks in high-energy experiments offers a rich field to study, both experimentally and theoretically. Due to the additional quark mass, the description of these processes in the framework of perturbative QCD is much more demanding than it is for those involving only massless partons. In the last two decades, a large amount of precision data has been collected by the deep inelastic HERA experiment. In order to make full use of these data, a more precise theoretical description of charm quark production in deep inelastic scattering is needed. This work deals with the first calculation of fixed moments of the NNLO heavy flavor corrections to the proton structure function F2 in the limit of a small charm-quark mass. The correct treatment of these terms will allow not only a more precise analysis of the HERA data, but starting from there also a more precise determination of the parton distribution functions and the strong coupling constant, which is an essential input for LHC physics. The complexity of this calculation requires the application and development of technical and mathematical methods, which are also explained here in detail.

Deep inelastic collisions. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) -- Flavor. --- Inelastic scattering --- Deep inelastic collisions --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Quarks --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Atomic Physics --- Charm --- Charm. --- Charm (Nuclear physics) --- Charmed particles (Nuclear physics) --- Damp inelastic collisions --- Deep inelastic scattering --- Deep inelastic transfers --- Incomplete fusion --- Inelastic collisions, Damp --- Inelastic collisions, Deep --- Quasi-fission --- Relaxed peak process (Nuclear physics) --- Strongly damped collision (Nuclear physics) --- Physics. --- Nuclear physics. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Particle and Nuclear Physics. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Quantum theory --- Collisions (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear reactions --- Quantum theory. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Mathematics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics