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Frequency synthesizers are an essential building block of RF communication products. They can be found in traditional consumer products, in personal communication systems, and in optical communication equipment. Since frequency synthesizers are used in many different applications, different performance aspects may need to be considered in each case. The main body of the text describes a conceptual framework for analyzing the performance of PLL frequency synthesizers, and presents optimization procedures for the different performance aspects. The analysis of the PLL properties is performed with the use of the open-loop bandwidth and phase margin concepts, to enable the influence of higher-order poles to be taken into account from the beginning of the design process. The theoretical system analysis is complemented by descriptions of innovative system and building block architectures, by circuit implementations in bipolar and CMOS technologies, and by measurement results. Architectures for RF Frequency Synthesizers contains basic information for the beginner as well as in-depth knowledge for the experienced designer. It is widely illustrated with practical design examples used in industrial products.

Frequency synthesizers --- Radio frequency oscillators --- Phase-locked loops --- Integrated circuits --- Radio frequency integrated circuits --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical Engineering --- Design and construction --- RFICs (Integrated circuits) --- Radio circuits --- Chips (Electronics) --- Circuits, Integrated --- Computer chips --- Microchips --- Electronic circuits --- Microelectronics --- Loops, Phase-locked --- Demodulation (Electronics) --- Oscillators, Electric --- Telecommunication --- RF oscillators --- Synthesizers, Frequency --- Frequency changers --- Oscillators, Crystal --- Signal generators --- Frequency synthesizers. --- Radio frequency oscillators. --- Phase-locked loops. --- Radio frequency integrated circuits. --- Design and construction.

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Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become the third wireless revolution after wireless voice networks in the 80s and wireless data networks in the late 90s. Unfortunately, radio power consumption is still a major bottleneck to the wide adoption of this technology. Different directions have been explored to minimize the radio consumption, but the major drawback of the proposed solutions is a reduced wireless link robustness. The primary goal of Architectures and Synthesizers for Ultra-low Power Fast Frequency-Hopping WSN Radios is to discuss, in detail, existing and new architectural and circuit level solutions for ultra-low power, robust, uni-directional and bi-directional radio links. Architectures and Synthesizers for Ultra-low Power Fast Frequency-Hopping WSN Radios guides the reader through the many system, circuit and technology trade-offs he will be facing in the design of communication systems for wireless sensor networks. Finally, this book, through different examples realized in both advanced CMOS and bipolar technologies opens a new path in the radio design, showing how radio link robustness can be guaranteed by techniques that were previously exclusively used in radio systems for middle or high end applications like Bluetooth and military communications while still minimizing the overall system power consumption.

Low power radio. --- Sensor networks. --- Wireless communication systems. --- Wireless sensor networks. --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical Engineering --- Frequency synthesizers. --- Radio frequency oscillators. --- Engineering. --- Solid state physics. --- Microwaves. --- Optical engineering. --- Electronic circuits. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Solid State Physics. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics --- Mechanical engineering --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Physics --- Solids --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- RF oscillators --- Oscillators, Electric --- Synthesizers, Frequency --- Frequency changers --- Oscillators, Crystal --- Signal generators --- Systems engineering. --- Engineering systems --- System engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial engineering --- System analysis --- Design and construction