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EU executive discretion and the limits of law
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ISBN: 9780198826668 0198826664 Year: 2019 Publisher: Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press,

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Présentation de l'éditeur : "The increase in the European Union's executive powers in the areas of economic and financial governance has thrown into sharp relief the challenges of EU law in constituting, framing, and constraining the decision-making processes and political choices that have hitherto supported European integration. The constitutional implications of crisis-induced transformations have been much debated but have largely overlooked the tension between law and discretion that the post-2010 reforms have brought to the fore. This book focuses on this tension and explores the ways in which legal norms may (or may not) constrain and structure the discretion of the EU executive. The developments in the EU's post-crisis financial and economic governance act as a reference point from which to analyze the normative problems pertaining to the law's relationship to the exercise of discretion. Structured in three parts, the book starts by analyzing the challenges to the maxim that the law both grounds and constrains EU executive and administrative discretion, setting out the concepts, problems and approaches to the relation between law and discretion both in general public law and in EU law. It progresses to analyze how these problems and approaches have unfolded in EU's financial, economic and monetary governance. Finally, it moves on from these specific developments to assess how existing legal principles and means of judicial review contribute to ensuring the rationality and legality of EU's discretionary powers."


Book
National courts and the standard of review in competition law and economic regulation
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9789089520012 9089520015 Year: 2009 Publisher: Groningen : Europa Law Publishing,

Understanding police use of force : officers, suspects, and reciprocity
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0521837731 0521546753 1107161800 051126481X 0511265530 0511315910 0511499442 1280749571 051126321X 051126402X 9780511265532 0511261594 9780511261596 9780511264023 9780511264818 9780511499449 9780521837736 9781280749575 9786610749577 6610749574 9780521546751 9781107161801 9780511315916 Year: 2004 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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Whenever police officers come into contact with citizens there is a chance that the encounter will digress to one in which force is used on a suspect. Fortunately, most police activities do not involve the use of force. But those that do reflect important patterns of interaction between the officer and the citizen. This book examines those patterns. It begins with a brief survey of prior research, and then goes on to present data and findings. Among the data are the force factor applied - that is, the level of force used relative to suspect resistance - and data on the sequential order of incidents of force. The authors also examine police use of force from the suspect's perspective. In analyzing this data they put forward a conceptual framework, the Authority Maintenance Theory, for examining and assessing police use of force.


Book
La justice entre droit et conscience : du XIIIe au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9782364411050 236441105X Year: 2014 Publisher: Dijon : Editions universitaires de Dijon,

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Les juges ne sont que des êtres humains, sujets aux passions, aux erreurs, aux injustices, aux sautes d'humeur... de sorte qu'on ne peut pas s'en remettre à leur seule conscience pour rendre la justice : quelle que soit l'époque, on insiste sur les limites qui doivent être apportées à leur liberté dans l'intérêt même des justiciables, en particulier sur le respect de la loi. Le débat entre le strict respect de la loi et l'usage de l'équité, c'est-à-dire entre droit et conscience, traverse les siècles : l'équilibre est difficile à trouver, mais au total, même si la soumission du juge à la loi est une vision traditionnellement reçue, cette conception s'accompagne de théories du processus d'interprétation de la même loi par la conscience du juge. Les trois termes qui forment le titre de ce livre invitent donc à étudier la conscience dans ses rapports avec le droit et avec la justice. L'ouvrage aborde ce débat sur une longue durée, du XIIIe au XVIIIe siècle, en abordant quatre thèmes successifs : la controverse sur le droit et l'équité ; les juges et la conscience ; le prince, la loi et la justice ; normes juridiques, normes morales. Il le fait dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire : histoire, histoire du droit, littérature, philosophie...


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Book
Legality and other requirements for sentencing : an international and comparative perspective on non-arbitrary punishment and sentencing discretion = Légalité et autres exigences en matière de condamnation : une perspective internationale et comparative sur les peines non arbitraires et le pouvoir discrétionnaire en matière de condamnation
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 9789047301783 9047301781 Year: 2023 Publisher: The Hague : Eleven,

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"All over the world, governments impose punishments on their citizens for transgressions of the criminal law. Consensus exists that this sanctioning should be in accordance with the principle of legality and the rule of law. However, governments around the world struggle with providing foreseeability and non-arbitrariness in their sentencing systems. This continuous struggle raises the question how - and to what extent - foreseeability and non-arbitrariness must be guaranteed. Not only in relation to the type of sentence imposed (quality), but also to its length (quantity) and the circumstances under which the sentence is executed. Worldwide, a variety of sentencing principles (e.g., proportionality, equality, culpability) are employed, not only to promote foreseeable, non-arbitrary sentencing, but also to do justice in the individual case. Although similarities exist, countries differ greatly in the principles they apply and the meaning they ascribe to them. This volume provides insight in the worldwide ideas and practices on legality and other requirements for sentencing. Which requirements should be leading? How do these requirements interrelate? And how should they be defined and implemented? An array of topics and questions is discussed regarding these requirements. Some examples: How should judicial discretion and the principle of legality be balanced? Should the execution of sentences be a matter for the judiciary or the administration? What is the relationship between the principle of legality and the prohibition against discrimination? Can human judges practice consistent sentencing? Should temporary release be a discretionary power or a right? And: How can we increase public confidence in sentencing? The present volume hopes to both provide answers to these questions and to support the reader in developing new thoughts and angles on these topics" -- Page 4 of cover.


Book
Le pouvoir discrétionnaire du juge et l'inexécution du contrat : étude de droit comparé franco-allemande = Richterliches Ermessen im Leistungsstörungsrecht : ein deutsch-französischer Rechtsvergleich
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9782275059716 2275059717 Year: 2018 Publisher: Issy-les-Moulineaux : L.G.D.J.,

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La question de la mesure du pouvoir du juge s'impose lorsqu'on souhaite comparer l'étendue de ses pouvoirs dans différents ordres juridiques donnés. Force est de constater que les pouvoirs du juge sont appréhendés sous diverses notions dans les systèmes juridiques nationaux. Toute la difficulté de la comparaison réside dans l'absence d'un étalon de mesure uniforme. À l'échelle supranationale, le concept anglais Judicial Discretion fait bien souvent office d'instrument de dialogue. Il renvoie à la forme la plus libre du pouvoir exercé par le juge. Or l'utilisation d'un langage commun dissimule des désaccords sur le fond. Ces derniers sont particulièrement importants face aux notions légales à contenu indéterminé et standards juridiques. Il n'est qu'à songer à la notion du « coût manifestement déraisonnable » qui vient limiter le droit du créancier à l'exécution forcée en nature ou encore à celle d'« inexécution essentielle » qui vient conditionner la résolution du contrat pour inexécution. Ces notions souples confèrent indéniablement des pouvoirs accrus au juge dans l'application du droit, mais de quelle nature ? Voilà une question qui divise les juristes français et allemands et qui façonne l'image des pouvoirs du juge. Il faut donc dissiper ces malentendus avant de déterminer la part faite au pouvoir discrétionnaire dans les suites de l'inexécution du contrat : exécution forcée en nature, délai d'exécution et révision, résolution.

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