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This book focuses on current theoretical and empirical research into countability in the nominal domain, and to a lesser extent in the verbal domain. The presented state-of-the-art studies are situated within compositional semantics combined with the theory of mereology, and draw on a wealth of data, some of which have hitherto been unknown, from a number of typologically distinct languages. Some contributions propose enrichments of classical extensional mereology with topological and temporal notions as well as with type theory and probabilistic models. The book also presents analyses that rely on cutting-edge empirical research (experimental, corpus-based) into meaning in language. It is suitable as a point of departure for original research or material for seminars in semantics, philosophy of language, psycholinguistics and other fields of cognitive science. It is of interest not only to a semanticist, but also to anybody who wishes to gain insights into the contemporary research into countability.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Nominals (Grammar) --- Noun-equivalents (Grammar) --- Substantives (Grammar) --- Nominals. --- Noun phrase --- Nominals --- Linguistics --- Philology

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Lexicology. Semantics --- 801.56 --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Reference (Linguistics) --- Signification (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Onomasiology --- Semantics --- Nominals (Grammar) --- Noun-equivalents (Grammar) --- Substantives (Grammar) --- Nominals --- Noun phrase --- Philology

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Grammar, Comparative and general --- Nominals. --- Verb. --- 801.56 --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Verb --- Nominals (Grammar) --- Noun-equivalents (Grammar) --- Substantives (Grammar) --- Nominals --- Verb phrase --- Verbals --- Reflexives --- Noun phrase --- Linguistics --- Philology

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Recent scholarship has confirmed earlier observations that nominalization plays a crucial role in the formation of complex constructions in the world’s languages. Grammatical nominalizations are one of the most salient and widespread features of languages of the Americas, yet they have not been approached as foundational grammatical structures for constructions such as relative clauses and complement clauses. This is due to an imbalance in past scholarship, which has tended to focus on these constructions at the expense of the nominalization structures underlying them. The papers in this collection treat grammatical nominalizations in their own right, and as a starting point for the investigation of their uses in complex grammatical structures. A representative sample of Amerindian languages, with focus on South America, examines properties of grammatical nominalizations such as their multiple functions, their internal and external syntax, and their diachronic development. Among the far-reaching theoretical conclusions reached by the studies in this volume is that the various types of relative clauses recognized in the typological literature are actually no more than epiphenomena arising from the different uses of grammatical nominalizations.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Grammar --- South American Indian languages --- E-books --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language and languages --- Syntax --- Noun --- Nominals (Grammar) --- Noun-equivalents (Grammar) --- Substantives (Grammar) --- Nominals. --- Noun. --- Syntax. --- Nominals --- Noun phrase --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax --- America --- Languages.

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The following theoretical-empirical points on the DP are discussed: Article and its referential-anaphoric properties by Abraham (Determiners in Centering Theory); Bartra (On bare NPs in Old Spanish and Catalan); identification of all functional nominal categories by Stvan (Bare singular count nouns); Kupisch & Koops (Specificity and negation); Jäger (History of German indefinite determiners); typological comparison of the interaction of nominal and verbal determination by Abraham (Discourse-functional crystallization of the or­ig­inal demonstrative); Leiss (Covert (in)definiteness and aspect in Old Icelandic, Goth­ic, Old High German); Lohndal (Double definiteness during Old Norse); emergence of DP in ontogeny/phylogeny by Osawa (DP, TP and aspect in Old English and L1 acquisition); Bittner (Early functions of definites in L1 acquisition); Wood (Demonstratives and possessives emergent from Old English); Bauer ((in)defin­ite articles in Indo-European) and Stark (Variation in nominal indefiniteness in Romance).

Grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Definiteness (Linguistics) --- Nominals (Grammar) --- Noun-equivalents (Grammar) --- Substantives (Grammar) --- Indefiniteness (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Determinatives (Linguistics) --- Determiners (Linguistics) --- Classifiers (Linguistics) --- Determiners. --- Nominals. --- Noun phrase --- Determiners --- Déterminants (Linguistique) --- Définis (Linguistique) --- Nominaux --- Definiteness (Linguistics). --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Nominals --- Philology