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80% of the bodies’ immune cells are harbored within the intestine. They are only separated from 1014 microorganisms by a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells and a secreted superficial mucus layer. Therefore, the intestinal epithelial surface represents a main frontier in host defense. Providing an intact mucosal barrier is vital for the host to limit bacterial entry and spread to the circulation. This specialized localization requires dynamic responses of intestinal epithelial cells to both pathogen- and immune-derived signals. Moreover, emergency barriers are needed in the setting of epithelial damage, which allow provisional microbial control and a timely restitution of mucosal integrity. Epithelial cells constantly interact with subjacent immune cells and fibroblasts, actively directing the immune response and also shaping the luminal microbiota. Epithelial dysfunction has been appreciated in recent years as a driving element in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Additionally, primary immune deficiencies may manifest in the form of chronic intestinal inflammation mimicking features of IBD. Recent advances in the techniques of epithelial cell culture and the discovery of new immune cell types and cellular properties have tremendously advanced the understanding in this interesting field of research. In this research topic, we want to focus on the complex interaction of intestinal epithelial cells, luminal flora and adjacent immune cells and invite manuscripts which highlight the dynamic responses of both epithelium and immune cells under steady-state or inflammatory conditions, and envision how this may be translated to the benefit of patient-care.

lymphocytes --- inflammatory bowel diseases --- immune system --- intestinal epithelium --- mucosal immunity

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Cholera remains a global threat in the 21st century, chiefly due to the continued lack of adequate resource provision and the political will to ensure a safe potable water supply and sanitary waste disposal for a burgeoning global population. The current Special Issue on cholera provides an overview of the available control measures from the perspectives of bioecology, immunology and vaccinology and treatment. These modalities have the potential to reduce cholera case fatality rates to less than 1% if properly implemented. In this Special Issue on cholera, the current state of the art in science-based control measures is reported on by several of the world’s leaders in research on the control of cholera and allied acute watery diarrheal diseases. Dr. Rita Colwell, Dr. Anwar Huq and colleagues at the University of Maryland and the University of Florida will review the latest information on environmental factors related to the prediction and prevention of cholera. Dr. Jacqueline Dean and Dr. John Clemens contribute an overview of recent insights into the performance of licensed and recommended cholera vaccines. Dr. Jan Holmgren will present an update on cholera immunity and the next generation of cholera vaccines. Dr. David Nalin will discuss cholera treatment options and optimums for the 21st century, and Dr. Richard A. Cash will focus on bringing diarrhea treatment, control, and prevention to the community.

VIP --- cholera patients --- cholera --- oral cholera vaccine --- efficacy --- effectiveness --- non-cholera acute watery diarrheas (AWDs) --- oral rehydration solutions (ORS) --- ORS formulations --- sodium balance --- hyponatremia --- hyponatremic seizures --- hyponatremic sequelae --- mucosal immunity --- cholera control --- diarrhea --- Burundi --- hot spot --- oral rehydration solution (ORS) --- oral rehydration therapy (ORT) --- community-based care --- OTEP --- BRAC --- environmental parameters --- Vibrio cholerae --- trigger --- transmission --- prediction --- immunity --- innate --- adaptive --- antibody --- cellular --- mucosal --- systemic --- memory --- vaccine --- non-cholera dehydrating diarrheas --- translational medicine --- history --- urban health --- oral rehydration --- n/a

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Mucosal Immunology is the official publication of the Society of Mucosal Immunology (SMI). It aims to provide a forum for both basic and clinical scientists to discuss all aspects of immunity and inflammation involving mucosal tissues. The journal reflects the interests of scientists studying gastrointestinal, pulmonary, nasopharyngeal, oral, ocular, and genitourinary immunology through the publication of original research articles, scholarly reviews, and timely commentaries, editorials and letters. Publication of basic, translational, and clinical studies will all be given equal consideration. In addition, Mucosal Immunology aims to provide a primary method of communication for the SMI governing board and its members through the publication of society news, announcements of planned meetings and conferences, discussions of policy concerns, and advertisements for job and training opportunities.

Immunology. Immunopathology --- Mucous membrane --- Mucous Membrane --- Immunity, Mucosal --- Muqueuses --- Mensuels. --- Immunologie. --- Recherche médicale. --- Immunology --- immunology. --- physiology. --- Immunologie --- Infections --- Immunology. --- Agriculture Sciences --- Soil Chemistry, Microbiology, Fertility & Fertilizers --- Mucosa --- Mucosal tissue --- Tunica mucosa --- immunology --- physiology --- Immune Response, Mucosal --- Mucosal Immunity --- Immune Responses, Mucosal --- Mucosal Immune Response --- Mucosal Immune Responses --- Mucous Membranes --- Lamina Propria --- Mucosal Tissue --- Muscularis Mucosae --- Membrane, Mucous --- Membranes, Mucous --- Mucosae, Muscularis --- Mucosal Tissues --- Propria, Lamina --- Tissue, Mucosal --- Tissues, Mucosal --- Administration, Mucosal --- Epithelium --- Membranes (Biology) --- Immunity, Mucosal. --- Medicine --- Antibodies --- Allergy --- Gastroenterology --- Biomedicine, general --- Allergology --- Internal medicine --- Digestive organs --- Allergic diseases --- Allergies --- Hypersensitivity --- Hypersensitivity, Immediate --- Immediate allergy --- Immediate hypersensitivity --- Immunologic diseases --- Immunoglobulin E --- Immune globulins --- Immune serum globulin --- Blood proteins --- Globulins --- Plasma cells --- Antibody diversity --- Antigens --- Bacterial immunoglobulin-binding proteins --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Health Workforce --- Diseases --- MDPHYSIO MDALLERG

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Aquaculture is an important economic activity for food production all around the world that has experienced an exponential growth during the last few decades. However, several weaknesses and bottlenecks still need to be addressed in order to improve the aquaculture productive system. The recent fast development of the omics technologies has provided scientists with meaningful tools to elucidate the molecular basis of their research interests. This reprint compiles different works about the use of transcriptomics and genomics technologies in different aspects of the aquaculture research, such as immunity, stress response, development, sexual dimorphism, among others, in a variety of fish and shellfish, and even in turtles. Different transcriptome (mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)), genome (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)), and metatranscriptome analyses were conducted to unravel those different aspects of interest.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Fisheries & related industries --- RNA-Seq --- lncRNAs --- Dicentrarchus labrax --- viral infection --- nodavirus --- immune response --- fish --- T lymphocytes --- infection --- malnutrition --- inflammation --- aquaculture --- histopathology --- immunohistochemistry --- enteromyxosis --- Philasterides dicentrarchi --- turbot --- transcriptomics --- Chinese mitten crab --- Eriocheir sinensis --- transportome --- transporters --- salinity --- osmoregulation --- transcriptome --- meta-analysis --- gills --- short pentraxins --- c-reactive protein --- zebrafish --- transcript expression --- antiviral --- SVCV --- rag1 mutants --- skin --- mucosal immunity --- hypoxia --- hypo-metabolic state --- growth --- swimming performance --- metabolic landmarks --- muscle transcriptome --- glycolysis --- lipid metabolism --- protein turnover --- gilthead sea bream --- hepatopancreas necrosis disease --- metatranscriptomics sequencing --- hepatopancreatic flora --- teleost --- B cells --- single cell transcriptomics --- immunoglobulins --- immune markers --- transcription factors --- long non-coding RNAs --- hepatic transcript expression --- salmon --- microarray --- omega-6/omega-3 ratio --- nutrigenomics --- fatty acids --- liver --- muscle --- Misgurnus anguillicaudatus --- sexual size dimorphism --- polyploid size dimorphism --- comparative transcriptome --- gene expression --- edible red sea urchin --- Loxechinus albus --- RNA-seq --- reference transcriptome --- Chinese soft-shelled turtle --- Aeromonas hydrophila --- hemorrhagic sepsis --- molecular immunopathogenesis --- tripartite motif proteins --- B30.2 domain --- antiviral immunity --- Ctenopharyngodon idella --- grass carp reovirus --- metamorphosis --- brain --- RNA --- sequencing --- intermuscular bone --- development --- Megalobrama amblycephala --- Oreochromis niloticus --- histological structure --- Atlantic salmon --- smoltification --- genome --- mRNAs --- miRNAs --- sox family genes --- Pelodiscus sinensis --- estradiol --- pseudo-female --- sex-related --- heterosis --- heterobeltiosis --- environment --- transgressive genes --- conserved miRNA --- high-throughput sequencing --- lumpfish --- novel miRNA --- RT-qPCR --- heat shock protein --- co-chaperon network --- salinity-alkalinity adaptation --- molecular evolution --- Lateolabrax maculatus --- genomics --- stress response --- HPI-axis --- neuroendocrine-immune interaction --- common carp --- poly-unsaturated fatty acid --- fatty acid elongase --- association study --- genomic selection --- bulked segregant analysis --- SNP --- association analysis --- joint effect --- seawater adaptation --- microRNAs --- small-RNA sequencing --- microarray transcriptome --- European seabass --- chronic inflammation --- opioid receptors --- immune status --- whole-transcriptome sequencing --- sex differentiation --- non-coding RNAs --- ceRNA --- red cusk-eel --- thermal stress --- liver transcriptome --- oxidative damage --- protein folding --- hepatic enzymes --- n/a