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This book, a collection of 12 original contributions and 4 reviews, provides a selection of the most recent advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of polymeric nanocomposites comprising nanoparticles. The concept of nanoparticle-reinforced polymers came about three decades ago, following the outstanding discovery of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. One of the main ideas behind this approach is to improve the matrix mechanical performance. The nanoparticles exhibit higher specific surface area, surface energy, and density compared to microparticles and, hence, lower nanofiller concentrations are needed to attain properties comparable to, or even better than, those obtained by conventional microfiller loadings, which facilitates processing and minimizes the increase in composite weight. The addition of nanoparticles into different polymer matrices opens up an important research area in the field of composite materials. Moreover, many different types of inorganic nanoparticles, such as quantum dots, metal oxides, and ceramic and metallic nanoparticles, have been incorporated into polymers for their application in a wide range of fields, ranging from medicine to photovoltaics, packaging, and structural applications.

ceramizable silicone rubber --- halloysite --- encapsulant --- drug delivery --- fillers --- ultraviolet (UV) curable coatings --- PDMS etching --- nanoparticles --- roughness --- methacryl POSS --- composite --- chlorogenic acid --- hydrophilic --- surface free energy --- theranostics --- 29Si-NMR --- borate --- dental resin --- morphology --- surface --- fabrication --- polydimethylsiloxane --- recessed electrode --- swelling --- MAPOSS --- X-ray (Micro-CT) microtomography --- mechanical properties --- plateau-shaped electrode --- hybrid hydrogel --- hardness --- sugar templating process --- bioactivity --- amphiphilic --- high molecular weight --- low surface energy materials --- PDMS --- quartz microcrystal --- 3D porous network --- fluorinated siloxane resin --- mortar --- surface modification --- poly(dimethylsiloxanes) --- scratch resistance --- multielectrode array (MEA) --- non-releasable --- sol-gel --- topology of polysiloxane chains --- cross-linking --- FTIR --- diethyl carbonate --- poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) --- TG-FTIR --- organosilane --- anti-bioadhesion --- carbon content --- nanomedicine --- thermal stability --- hybrids --- underexposure --- nanosilica --- hyperbranched poly(methylhydrosiloxanes) --- spinal cord signal recording --- ceramizable mechanism --- coatings --- TG --- silicon --- polysiloxanes --- basalt fibre --- refractive index --- drug release --- thermal conductivity --- hydrolytic polycondensation --- shrinkage --- polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes

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Over the last decades, natural fibers have received growing attention as alternatives to synthetic materials for the reinforcement of polymeric composites. Their specific properties, low price, health advantages, renewability and recyclability make natural fibers particularly attractive for these purposes. Furthermore, natural fibers have a CO2-neutral life cycle, in contrast to their synthetic counterparts. However, natural fibers are also widely known to possess several drawbacks, such as a hydrophilic nature, low and variable mechanical properties, poor adhesion to polymeric matrices, high susceptibility to moisture absorption and low aging resistance. Therefore, extensive research has been conducted on natural fiber-reinforced composites in the last 20 years. In this context, this book presents several interesting papers concerning the use of natural fibers for the reinforcement of polymer-based composites, with a focus on the evaluation of their mechanical performances, ballistic properties, rheological behavior, thermal insulation response and aging resistance in humid or aggressive environments.

flax FRP --- basalt FRP --- glass FRP --- wood beam --- bending --- hybrid FRP --- flax fiber --- nano-clay --- water uptake --- hygrothermal properties --- coaxial electrospinning --- length of straight fluid jet --- spreading angle --- nanoribbons --- linear relationship --- curaua fibers --- graphene oxide coating --- epoxy composites --- ballistic performance --- recycled cotton fibers --- stiffness --- micromechanics --- Young’s modulus --- polymer matrix composites --- flax fibers --- surface treatments --- adhesion --- polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) --- composite laminates --- low-velocity impact --- delamination --- X-ray micro CT --- polypropylene --- basalt fibers --- composite laminate --- flexural --- impact damage --- dog wool fibers --- fillers --- polyurethane --- eco-composites --- renewable resources --- poly(lactic acid) --- poly(butylene succinate) --- plasticizer migration --- diffusion --- natural fibre composites --- mechanical properties --- elastic behaviour --- viscous response --- empty fruit bunch fiber (EFB) --- polybutylene succinate (PBS) --- starch --- glycerol --- characterizations --- biocomposite --- polymer Blends --- Mopa-Mopa resin --- biobased composite --- fique fibers --- wood–plastic --- leather waste --- thermoplastic starch --- mechanical characterization --- thermal characterization --- n/a --- Young's modulus --- wood-plastic

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Fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) materials are widely used in advanced structures and are often applied in order to replace traditional materials such as metal components, especially those used in corrosive environments. They have become essential materials for maintaining and strengthening existing infrastructure due to the fact that they combine low weight and density with high strength, corrosion resistance, and high durability, providing many benefits in performance and durability. Modified fiber-based composites exhibit better mechanical properties, impact resistance, wear resistance, and fire resistance. Therefore, the FRC materials have reached a significant level of applications ranging from aerospace, aviation, and automotive systems to industrial, civil engineering, military, biomedical, marine facilities, and renewable energy. In order to update the field of design and development of composites with the use of organic or inorganic fibers, a Special Issue entitled “Progress of Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Design and Applications” has been introduced. This reprint gathers and reviews the collection of twelve article contributions, with authors from Europe, Asia and America accepted for publication in the aforementioned Special Issue of Applied Sciences.

fiber-cement-treated subgrade soil --- mechanical properties --- triaxial test --- brittleness index --- failure angle --- carbon fibers --- lignin --- melt spinning --- carbonization --- Raman --- micro-CT --- banana fiber --- impact response --- compression after impact --- natural fiber --- compression shear properties --- bonded–bolted hybrid --- C/C composites --- high temperature --- hybrid structures --- metallic/composite joints --- plasticity --- damage propagation --- FEM --- crashworthiness --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- composites --- progressive failure analysis (PFA) --- cyclic hygrothermal aging --- high strain rates --- braided composites --- compressive property --- basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) --- thickness --- durability --- hygrothermal ageing --- accelerated ageing method --- GFRP composite structures --- slip-critical connection --- stainless-steel cover plates --- surface treatment --- prevailing torque --- anchor --- shear behavior --- concrete edge breakout resistance --- ultimate flexural strength --- energy absorption capacity --- steel fiber --- multi-material design --- thermoplastic composites --- joining --- resistance spot welding --- metal inserts --- tubular composites --- finite element analysis --- computational fluid dynamics --- wireless communication --- signal attenuation --- n/a --- bonded-bolted hybrid

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This Special Issue on “Cement-Based Composites: Advancements in Development and Characterization” presents the latest research and advances in the field of cement-based composites. This Special Issue covers a variety of experimental studies related to fiber-reinforced, photocatalytic, lightweight, and sustainable cement-based composites. Moreover, simulation studies are presented in this Special Issue to provide fundamental knowledge of designing and optimizing the properties of cementitious composites. The presented publications in this Special Issue show the most recent technology in the cement-based composite field.

lightweight cement paste --- air entraining agents --- hollow microspheres --- aluminum powder --- pores --- micro-CT --- thermal insulation --- compressive strength --- photocatalysis --- core-shell structure --- TiO2/SiO2 composite nanoparticles --- cement-based materials --- sustainability --- hemp --- sound absorption --- thermal conductivity --- fire characteristics --- mechanical properties --- microscopy --- thermal analysis --- X-ray diffraction --- SCC-SFR --- chlorides --- diffusion --- concrete --- fiber-reinforced cemented clay --- unconfined compression strength --- fiber content --- composite cement content --- curing time --- steel fiber --- MgO expansive agent --- split tensile strength --- chloride diffusion resistance --- porosity --- interfacial transition zone --- bond strength --- high performance concrete --- reinforcing steel bar --- basalt fibre --- inhibit --- alkali-carbonate reaction --- fly ash --- expansion --- mechanism --- graphite carbon nitride --- silica --- visible light catalysis --- cement --- Bayesian updating --- spatial randomness --- uncertainty --- correlation distance --- stochastic field --- Interfacial transition zone --- quick-converting track concrete --- aggregate surface condition --- railway ballast --- fiber-reinforced concrete --- mechanical characteristics --- three-point bending test --- fracture energy --- cement-based composite --- experimental studies --- numerical simulation

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The need for energy is increasing and but the production from conventional reservoirs is declining quickly. This requires an economically and technically feasible source of energy for the coming years. Among some alternative future energy solutions, the most reasonable source is from unconventional reservoirs. As the name “unconventional” implies, different and challenging approaches are required to characterize and develop these resources. This Special Issue covers some of the technical challenges for developing unconventional energy sources from shale gas/oil, tight gas sand, and coalbed methane.

horizontal well --- shale gas --- shock loads --- pseudo-steady-state non-equilibrium sorption --- unsteady state non-equilibrium sorption --- porosity–permeability --- fractured-vuggy reservoirs --- flow channel --- pressure derivative --- total organic carbon (TOC) --- CO2 huff-n-puff --- flow behavior --- unconventional reservoirs --- semi-analytical model --- gravel pack --- optimization measures --- fractures --- lab tests under reservoir condition --- dual-porosity system --- unconventional --- gravity differentiation --- MICP --- perforation safety --- fracture penetration extent --- organic-rich shale --- stress-dependent permeability --- equilibrium sorption --- helium porosimetry --- numerical model --- original gas in-place --- shale alteration --- injection and production pattern --- adsorption and desorption isotherms --- low-pressure gas adsorption --- initial water saturation --- drilling fluid --- sorption hysteresis --- coalbed methane --- gas content --- capillary number --- reorientation fractures --- water flooding effect --- organic pores --- tight reservoir --- condensate recovery --- Langmuir pressure --- Klinkenberg slippage theory --- limestone and calcareous mudstone interbedding --- petrophysics --- tight gas sand --- numerical analysis --- northern Guizhou --- wettability --- peak pressure --- sand control --- water imbibition --- clay bound water --- carbon dioxide sequestration --- adsorption capacity --- gas compressibility factors --- convolutional neural network --- multi-stage fracturing horizontal wells --- fractured tight reservoir --- physical model --- tight gas reservoirs --- automatic classification --- NMR --- catalytic oxidation characteristics --- micro-CT image --- wellbore stability --- gas adsorption and desorption --- gas shale --- medium volatile bituminous coal --- hydraulic flow units --- GEM® --- petrophysical properties --- compositional 3D --- rock-water-CO2 interaction --- source-mixed gas --- residual gas distribution --- oxidation reaction pathway --- coal rank --- oil migration --- clay content --- perforated string --- TOC recovery --- Computer Modelling Group (CMG) --- capillary trapping --- pore size distribution --- adsorption --- tight reservoirs --- well interference --- gradation optimization --- shale gas condensate reservoir --- Niutitang formation --- pulse decay test --- well testing --- Langmuir model --- methane adsorption capacity --- pore structure --- and tight sand gas) --- ultra-deep well --- deepwater well --- orthogonal test --- high pressure and low flowrate --- theoretical model --- safety analysis --- transient pressure --- catalyst-activated low temperature oxidation --- reservoir simulation --- Langmuir volume --- air flooding --- petrography --- total organic carbon --- electrical resistivity --- diffusion coefficient --- equation of state --- porosity --- zeta potential --- gas permeability measurement --- co-exploitation --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- Changqing tight oil --- visual experiment --- tight oil reservoirs --- caprock integrity --- coal measure gases (coalbed gas --- NIST-Refprop