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The oldest translation in a modern language (vulgarization) of Caesar's commentaries, published in 1438 by Pier Candido Decembrio and dedicated to Filippo Maria Visconti and Inigo d'Avalos, is published for the first time in a critical edition. The text is presented by a rich introduction, which provides a detailed overview of the work, with particular regard to the dedications that accompany it, the style of translation and the Latin exemplar used by the humanist, recognized in a code of the Sächsische Landesbibliothek in Dresden, which, already severely damaged during World War II, was restored at the request of the author of the research at the Government of Saxony, revealing the exceptional ecdotic revision made by the Decembrium on the corpus Caesarianum. The online edition of the volume is accompanied by a special appendix to the philological introduction, which includes all the errors and lessons of the manuscripts that have passed on the vulgarization.

Humanitarianism.

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Humanitarianism. --- Tourism.

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Globalization --- Humanitarianism --- Individualism

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Endangered life is often used to justify humanitarian media intervention, but what if suffering humanity is both the fuel and outcome of such media representations? Pooja Rangan argues that this vicious circle is the result of immediation, a prevailing documentary ethos that seeks to render human suffering urgent and immediate at all costs. Rangan interrogates this ethos in films seeking to "give a voice to the voiceless," an established method of validating the humanity of marginalized subjects, including children, refugees, autistics, and animals. She focuses on multiple examples of documentary subjects being invited to demonstrate their humanity: photography workshops for the children of sex workers in Calcutta; live eyewitness reporting by Hurricane Katrina survivors; attempts to facilitate speech in nonverbal autistics; and painting lessons for elephants. These subjects are obliged to represent themselves using immediations-tropes that reinforce their status as the "other" and reproduce definitions of the human that exclude non-normative modes of thinking, being, and doing. To counter these effects, Rangan calls for an approach to media that aims not to humanize but to realize the full, radical potential of giving the camera to the other.

Documentary films. --- Documentary films --- Humanitarianism. --- Social aspects. --- Humanitarianism --- Social aspects

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History and Hope: The International Humanitarian Reader provides a better understanding—both within and outside academia—of the multifaceted demands posed by humanitarian assistance programs. The Reader is a compilation of the most important chapters in the twelve-volume International Humanitarian Affairs book series published by Fordham University Press. Each selected chapter has been edited and updated.In addition, the series editor, Kevin M. Cahill, M.D., has written, among other chapters, an introductory essay explaining the academic evolution of the discipline of humanitarian assistance. It focuses on the “Fordham Experience”: its Institute of International Humanitarian Affairs (IIHA) has developed practical programs for training fieldworkers, especially those dealing with complex emergencies following conflicts and man-made ornatural disasters.

Humanitarian assistance. --- International relief. --- Humanitarianism.