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Drawing from accounts of colonial experience in western Kenya, Population, Tradition, and Environmental Control in Colonial Kenya examines the government's efforts to enforce certain land management programs in relation to its initiatives to revive and co-opt African "traditions" in soil conservation and land consolidation programs. Martin Shanguhyia analyzes how these programs were negotiated or contested by the local community; further, he argues that their legacy continues to define the everyday experiences of the rural population in Vihiga County, Western Province, notably in termsof high population densities and diminishing returns from the land. Relying on a rich collection of archival sources as well as oral interviews, the book explores the intersection between government policies, demography, and community traditions within a rapidly declining natural environment and adds significantly to our understanding of Africa's environmental history.

Martin Shanguhyiais assistant professor of history at Syracuse University.

Land use --- Soil conservation --- History. --- African traditions. --- Colonial Kenya. --- Community. --- Environmental Control. --- Historical analysis. --- Land management. --- Politics. --- Population. --- Society. --- Tradition.

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Film criticism is in crisis. Dwelling on the many film journalists made redundant at newspapers, magazines, and other 'old media' in past years, commentators have voiced existential questions about the purpose and worth of the profession in the age of WordPress blogospheres and proclaimed the 'death of the critic'. Bemoaning the current anarchy of internet amateurs and the lack of authoritative critics, many journalists and academics claim that in the digital age, cultural commentary has become dumbed down and fragmented into niche markets. Mattias Freu, arguing against these claims, examines the history of film critical discourse in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. He demonstrates that since its origins, film criticism has always found itself in crisis: the need to show critical authority and the anxieties over challenges to that authority have been longstanding concerns.

Film --- Film criticism --- #SBIB:309H522 --- Motion picture criticism --- Motion pictures --- Moving-picture criticism --- Criticism --- Methodology --- History. --- Audiovisuele communicatie: kritiek --- Evaluation --- Methodology&delete& --- History --- Film criticism. --- Journalism --- Film criticism, critical authority, digital, journalism, historical analysis, new media. --- Writing (Authorship) --- Literature --- Publicity --- Fake news --- Cinema --- Feature films --- Films --- Movies --- Moving-pictures --- Audio-visual materials --- Mass media --- Performing arts --- History and criticism

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The Anglo-Saxon period was crucial in the development of England's character: its language, and much of its landscape and culture, were forged in the period between the fifth and the eleventh centuries. Historians and archaeologists have long been fascinated by its regional variations, by the way in which different parts of the country displayed marked differences in social structures, settlement patterns, and field systems. In this controversial and wide-ranging study, the author argues that such differences were largely a consequence of environmental factors: of the influence of climate, soils and hydrology, and of the patterns of contact and communication engendered by natural topography. He also suggests that such environmental influences have been neglected over recent decades by generations of scholars who are embedded in an urban culture and largely divorced from the natural world; and that an appreciation of the fundamental role of physical geography in shaping human affairs can throw much new light on a number of important debates about early medieval society. The book will be essential reading for all those interested in the character of the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian settlements, in early medieval social and territorial organization, and in the origins of the England's medieval landscapes. Tom Williamson is Professor of Landscape History, University of East Anglia; he has written widely on landscape archaeology, agricultural history, and the history of landscape design.

Great Britain --- Grande-Bretagne --- History --- Historical geography. --- Histoire --- Géographie historique --- HISTORY / Medieval. --- Anglo-Saxon Period. --- Anglo-Saxon period. --- Early Medieval Society. --- Early medieval England. --- England. --- Field Systems. --- Geographical Features. --- Landscape. --- Natural Environment. --- Physical Geography. --- Regional Variations. --- Settlement Patterns. --- Social Structures. --- environment. --- field systems. --- geographical features. --- historical analysis. --- landscape. --- physical geography. --- settlement patterns. --- social structures. --- Land settlement --- Land tenure

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This book is a detailed study of the domestic life of the early modern, non-elite household, focussing on the Oxfordshire market town of Thame. Going beyond the exploration of the domestic economy and trends in living standards and consumption, it shows how close examination of the material context within which the household operated can provide evidence of its habitual activities, the relationships between its members, and the values that informed both. The book uses a familiar source, the probate inventory, supplemented by other contemporary written and pictorial evidence, to reveal how activities in the household were directly related to the agricultural, mercantile, and social environment. It illustrates the variable and shifting nature of social relationships and shows how the early modern household was part of the wider economic and social narrative of modernism and how it responded to altered modes of production and consumption, social allegiances, and ideologies. Offering new perspectives to reinvigorate the discussion of domestic relationships and rigorously examine the vexed question of change, Domestic Culture in Early Modern England will be of interest to scholars and postgraduate students of material culture as well as historians of the household and family more generally.

Antony Buxton lectures on design history, material and domestic culture for the Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford and other institutions. He has published articles in various scholarly journals and holds a PhD from the University of Oxford.

Households --- History --- England --- Social life and customs --- Social conditions --- Population --- Families --- Home economics --- Material culture --- History. --- Thame (England) --- Social life and customs. --- Economic conditions. --- Social conditions. --- Culture --- Folklore --- Technology --- Thame (Oxfordshire) --- Early modern England. --- agricultural. --- domestic life. --- historical analysis. --- material context. --- material culture. --- mercantile. --- probate inventory. --- social environment. --- social relationships.

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This book offers a historical analysis of one of the most striking and dramatic transformations to take place in Brazil and the United States during the twentieth century-the redefinition of the concepts of nation and democracy in racial terms. The multilateral political debates that occurred between 1930 and 1945 pushed and pulled both states towards more racially inclusive political ideals and nationalisms. Both countries utilized cultural production to transmit these racial political messages. At times working collaboratively, Brazilian and U.S. officials deployed the concept of "racial democracy" as a national security strategy, one meant to suppress the existential threats perceived to be posed by World War II and by the political agendas of communists, fascists, and blacks. Consequently, official racial democracy was limited in its ability to address racial inequities in the United States and Brazil. Shifting the Meaning of Democracy helps to explain the historical roots of a contemporary phenomenon: the coexistence of widespread antiracist ideals with enduring racial inequality.

United States --- Race relations --- Political aspects. --- 1930s. --- 1940s. --- 20th century. --- brazil. --- brazilian history. --- coexistence. --- contemporary. --- democracy. --- early 20th century. --- historical analysis. --- identity. --- modern world. --- national identity. --- national. --- nationhood. --- political. --- politics. --- racial democracy. --- racial equality. --- racial identity. --- racial inequality. --- racism. --- racist politics. --- transformation. --- united states history. --- world history. --- Brazil