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Abstract

The comparative approach takes advantage of the biological diversity to select the most appropriate model organism to tackle a scientific question. Comparisons between the endocrine and nervous systems across species have yielded major breakthroughs in endocrinology and neurobiology. For instance: a number of mammalian peptide hormones and neuropeptides have been originally identified in fish or amphibians; studies conducted in a sea slug founded the cellular and molecular basis of learning and memory; observations of neurogenesis in the forebrain of songbirds led to the discovery of adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain. These examples illustrate the remarkable contribution of the comparative approach for the advancement of neuroendocrinological concepts. The present e-book is a unique collection of research articles and reviews that provide a representative overview of the latest developments in comparative endocrinology and neurobiology.

Keywords

G protein-coupled receptors --- endocrine disruptors --- biological rythms --- steroids --- peptide hormones and neuropeptides --- melatonin --- behavior --- reproduction

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The human genome encompasses ≈ 860 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) including 374 non-chemosensory GPCRs. Half of these latter GPCRs recognize (neuro)peptides as natural ligands. GPCRs thus play a pivotal role in neuroendocrine communication. In particular, GPCRs are involved in the neuroendocrine control of feeding behavior, reproduction, growth, hydromineral homeostasis and stress response. GPCRs are also major drug targets and hence possess a strong potential for the development of innovative pharmaceuticals. The aim of this Research Topic is to assemble a series of review articles and original research papers on neuropeptide GPCRs and their ligands that will illustrate the different facets of the studies currently conducted in this domain.

Keywords

Neuroendocrinology. --- Neuropharmacology. --- Endocrinology. --- Transduction pathways --- G protein-coupled receptors --- Neuroendocrinology --- Heptahelical receptors --- Neuropeptides --- Signaling mechanisms --- Biologically active peptides --- seven-transmembrane domain receptors

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Since Erspamer and Boretti, 1951 first described the biogenic amine octopamine in the octopus salivary gland as a molecule with “adrenaline-like” action, decades of extensive studies demonstrated the important role octopamine and its precursor tyramine play in invertebrate physiology and behavior. This book contains the latest original research papers on tyramine/octopamine and their receptors in different neuronal and non-neuronal circuits of insects.

Additonally, this book elucidates in detail the latest research on the function of other biogenic amines and their receptors, such as dopamine and serotonin in insects and mice. The reviews in this book summarize the most recent research on the role of biogenic amines in insect antennae, synaptic development, and behavioral modulation by spontaneous dopamine release in Drosophila. Finally, one perspective paper discusses the evolution of social behavior and biogenic amines.

We recommend this book for all scholars interested in the latest advanced research on the role of biogenic amines in animal behavior.

ITS dedicates the topic to her teacher, Plotnikova Svetlana Ivanovna (1922-2013).

Keywords

octopamine --- Apis mellifera --- olfactory learning and memory --- serotonin --- G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) --- type I and II synaptic boutons --- Drosophila --- neural circuits --- tyramine --- dopamine

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Keywords

G proteins --- Receptors. --- G proteins. --- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled. --- G-Protein-Coupled Receptors --- G Protein Coupled Receptors --- Receptors, G Protein Coupled --- GTP-binding proteins --- GTP regulatory proteins --- Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins --- Guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins --- Membrane proteins --- G Protein Coupled Receptor --- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor --- Receptor, G-Protein-Coupled

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The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), known to be one of the largest superfamilies in the human genome, underpin a multitude of physiological processes and represent a significant target for bioactive and drug discovery programs. In G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drug Discovery: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field provide a range of classic and cutting-edge laboratory protocols developed for GPCR research, as well as several current review articles relevant to the area of high throughput GPCR screening, with discussion on GPCR structure and GPCR signalling. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easy to use, G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drug Discovery: Methods and Protocols serves to aid all those who wish to further the vital research in their GPCR drug discovery programs.

Keywords

Molecular biology --- Computational Biology. --- Sequence Analysis, DNA. --- Base Sequence. --- Sequence Analysis, RNA. --- Genetics --- Bioinformatics. --- Nucleotide sequence. --- Amino acid sequence. --- Génétique --- Bio-informatique --- Séquence nucléotidique --- Séquence des acides aminés --- Data processing. --- Informatique --- Bioinformatics --- Amino acid sequence --- Data processing --- -Nucleotide sequence --- #TELE:SISTA --- Analysis, Nucleic acid sequence --- Analysis, Nucleotide sequence --- Base sequence (Nucleic acids) --- DNA sequence --- Nucleic acid sequence analysis --- Nucleotide sequence analysis --- RNA sequence --- Sequence, Nucleotide --- Nucleic acids --- Nucleotides --- Sequence alignment (Bioinformatics) --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Amino acid sequence analysis --- Analysis, Amino acid sequence --- Peptide sequence --- Peptide sequencing --- Protein sequence --- Protein sequencing --- Sequence, Amino acid --- Amino acids --- Proteins --- Analysis --- Génétique --- Séquence nucléotidique --- Séquence des acides aminés --- Nucleotide sequence --- 57.087 --- 57.087 Methods and techniques for parameter estimation. Recording of biological data --- Methods and techniques for parameter estimation. Recording of biological data --- G proteins --- Drug development --- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled --- Drug Discovery --- 577.122 --- 577.122 Protein metabolism --- Protein metabolism --- Drug Prospecting --- Discovery, Drug --- Prospecting, Drug --- High-Throughput Screening Assays --- Bioprospecting --- G Protein Coupled Receptor --- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor --- G-Protein-Coupled Receptors --- G Protein Coupled Receptors --- Receptor, G-Protein-Coupled --- Receptors, G Protein Coupled --- Development of drugs --- Drugs --- New drug development --- Pharmacology --- Pharmacy --- GTP-binding proteins --- GTP regulatory proteins --- Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins --- Guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins --- Membrane proteins --- Receptors --- Development --- Toxicology. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology --- Genetics - Data processing