Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common cancer in males aged 20-40 years, with a worldwide incidence of 7.5 per 100,000, but the rates vary considerably between countries and ethnic groups and there is evidence also for an increasing incidence in last decades. About 95% of all TCs are represented by testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), which include seminoma and non-seminoma histological types. It is generally assumed that the development of TGCT is under endocrine control. In particular, unbalanced androgen/estrogen levels and/or activity are believed to represent the key events for TGCT development and progression. Furthermore, recent evidence has suggested genetic association of TGCT with variations in genes involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and steroidogenic enzymes. This recent evidence expands the current knowledge on the role of genetic contribution in testicular cancer susceptibility, and supports the hypothesis that variations in hormone metabolism genes might change the hormonal environment implicated in testicular carcinogenesis. Therefore, hormonal carcinogenesis is an important and controversial area of current research in TGCT, and further attention is given to genetic factors influencing hormone-related cancer risk. The genetic component to TGCT is in general strong. In fact, although environmental factors clearly contribute to TGCT development (and probably to its increasing incidence in some geographical areas), the proportion of TGCT susceptibility accounted for by the genetic effects is estimated at 25%. TGCT has high familial risks compared with most other cancer types that are generally no more than two-fold: brothers of individuals with TGCT have an 8- to 12-fold increased risk of disease, and sons of affected individuals have a 4- to 6-fold increased risk. Despite this strong familial relative risk, early results from linkage studies identified a limited relationship with genetic factors, suggesting that TGCT is a genetically complex trait. However, more recently, four genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the UK and USA have reported association of TGCTs with six new loci (KITLG, SPRY4, BAK1, DMRT1, TERT, and ATF7IP). The strongest association for TGCT susceptibility was found for SNPs in KITLG (ligand for the membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase KIT) gene with a greater than 2.5-fold increased risk of disease per major allele, which is the highest reported for any cancer to date. These studies are being now replicated by other researches and attention is given to the relationship between these genetic variations, TGCT risk and frequently associated anomalies of the reproductive tract, such as cryptorchidism and infertility. Finally, over the past few decades, TCGT research has focused also on external environmental causes acting mainly as endocrine disrupters of androgen and oestrogen pathways, even during the foetal development of the testis. It is well known that the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) hypothesis, proposed ten years ago, suggests that disturbed testicular development in fetal life may result in one or more of four disorders postnatally, named cryptorchidism, hypospadias, poor semen quality, and TGCT. These four disorders are therefore considered as one clinical entity and are linked together by epidemiological and pathophysiological relations. The relative contribution of genetics and environment in TGCT development, and the interactions between endocrine disruptors and variations in genes involved in hormonal carcinogenesis is therefore another interesting area of research.

Germ cell tumor --- KITLG --- cancer genetics --- testis cancer --- Cryptorchidism --- Endocrine Disruptors

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In 1941 the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of diethylstilbestrol (DES), the first synthetic chemical to be marketed as an estrogen and one of the first to be identified as a hormone disruptor-a chemical that mimics hormones. Although researchers knew that DES caused cancer and disrupted sexual development, doctors prescribed it for millions of women, initially for menopause and then for miscarriage, while farmers gave cattle the hormone to promote rapid weight gain. Its residues, and those of other chemicals, in the American food supply are changing the internal ecosystems of human, livestock, and wildlife bodies in increasingly troubling ways. In this gripping exploration, Nancy Langston shows how these chemicals have penetrated into every aspect of our bodies and ecosystems, yet the U.S. government has largely failed to regulate them and has skillfully manipulated scientific uncertainty to delay regulation. Personally affected by endocrine disruptors, Langston argues that the FDA needs to institute proper regulation of these commonly produced synthetic chemicals.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals --- Disrupters, Endocrine --- Disrupting chemicals, Endocrine --- Disruptors, Endocrine --- EDCs (Endocrine disrupting chemicals) --- Endocrine disrupters --- Endocrine disrupting compounds --- Endocrine disruptors --- Environmental endocrine disrupters --- Environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals --- Environmental endocrine disruptors --- Hormone disruptors --- Pollutants --- History. --- Government policy --- Endocrine Disruptors --- Environmental Exposure --- History, 20th Century --- History, 21st Century --- Adverse effects --- History

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Endocrine Disruption and Human Health starts with an overview of what endocrine disruptors are, the issues surrounding them, and the source of these chemicals in the ecosystem. This is followed by an overview of the mechanisms of action and assay systems. The third section includes chapters written by specialists on different aspects of concern for the effects of endocrine disruption on human health. Finally, the authors consider the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and the pertinent regulation developed by the EU, the US FDA, as well as REACH and NGOs. The book has been written for researchers and research clinicians interested in learning about the actions of endocrine disruptors and current evidence justifying concerns for human health but is useful for those approaching the subject for the first time, graduate students, and advanced undergraduate students. Provides readers with access to a range of information from the basic mechanisms and assays to cutting-edge research investigating concerns for human healthPresents a comprehensive, translational look at all aspects of endocrine disruption and its effects on human healthOffers guidance on the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and current relevant regulatory considerations.--

Endocrine disrupting chemicals -- Health aspects. --- Endocrine disrupting chemicals. --- Endocrine toxicology. --- Endocrine disrupting chemicals --- Physiological Effects of Drugs --- Environmental Pollutants --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Toxic Actions --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Endocrine Disruptors --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Toxicology & Public Health --- Health aspects --- Health aspects. --- Disrupters, Endocrine --- Disrupting chemicals, Endocrine --- Disruptors, Endocrine --- EDCs (Endocrine disrupting chemicals) --- Endocrine disrupters --- Endocrine disrupting compounds --- Endocrine disruptors --- Environmental endocrine disrupters --- Environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals --- Environmental endocrine disruptors --- Hormone disruptors --- Pollutants

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Animal behavior --- Animal communication. --- Endocrine disrupting chemicals. --- Endocrine aspects. --- Disrupters, Endocrine --- Disrupting chemicals, Endocrine --- Disruptors, Endocrine --- EDCs (Endocrine disrupting chemicals) --- Endocrine disrupters --- Endocrine disrupting compounds --- Endocrine disruptors --- Environmental endocrine disrupters --- Environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals --- Environmental endocrine disruptors --- Hormone disruptors --- Pollutants --- Animal biocommunication --- Animal language --- Biocommunication, Animal --- Language learning by animals --- Animal behavioral endocrinology --- Animal hormone-behavior relationships --- Behavioral endocrinology, Animal --- Hormonal aspects of animal behavior --- Hormone-behavior relationships, Animal --- Interactions, Animal hormone-behavior --- Relationships, Animal hormone-behavior --- Endocrinology --- Hormonal aspects

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Endocrine disruption represents one of the most controversial environmental issues of our time. Mounting evidence stemming from more than 10 years of experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies has transformed the once generally discounted subject of endocrine disruptors into an issue of tremendous concern not only within the scientific community but among society as a whole.  Following initial evidence from basic research, endocrine disruption in humans has now emerged as a major medical challenge.  In this respect, puberty, a crucial developmental stage, has been definitively identified as a key window of vulnerability with regard to endocrine disruptors.  Written by leading authorities in the field, Endocrine Disruptors and Puberty offers an engaging and comprehensive overview of this fascinating and rapidly growing problem.  An indispensable resource for all clinicians and scientists interested in this challenging endocrinologic topic, Endocrine Disruptors and Puberty is a timely contribution that will help navigate a path toward understanding the problem and developing solutions. .

Adolescent medicine. --- Endocrine disrupting chemicals. --- Endocrine toxicology. --- Reproductive toxicology. --- Endocrine disrupting chemicals --- Endocrine toxicology --- Reproductive toxicology --- Adolescent medicine --- Physiological Effects of Drugs --- Toxic Actions --- Environmental Pollution --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomena --- Sexual Development --- Public Health --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Reproductive Physiological Processes --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Environment and Public Health --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Phenomena and Processes --- Health Care --- Environmental Pollutants --- Endocrine Disruptors --- Puberty --- Environmental Exposure --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Clinical Endocrinology --- Toxicology & Public Health --- Puberty. --- Disrupters, Endocrine --- Disrupting chemicals, Endocrine --- Disruptors, Endocrine --- EDCs (Endocrine disrupting chemicals) --- Endocrine disrupters --- Endocrine disrupting compounds --- Endocrine disruptors --- Environmental endocrine disrupters --- Environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals --- Environmental endocrine disruptors --- Hormone disruptors --- Medicine. --- Pharmacology. --- Internal medicine. --- Endocrinology. --- Oncology. --- Cell biology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Cell Biology. --- Internal Medicine. --- Critical periods (Biology) --- Sex (Biology) --- Adolescence --- Pollutants --- Oncology  . --- Toxicology. --- Cytology. --- Medicine, Internal --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Tumors --- Internal medicine --- Hormones --- Toxicology --- Endocrinology . --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect