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Dret constitucional --- Dret polític --- Ciències polítiques --- Dret a la tutela judicial --- Constitucions --- Dret administratiu --- Dret públic --- Constitutional law --- Droit constitutionnel --- Constitutional law.

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Constitutional law --- Canada --- Droit constitutionnel --- Constitutional law. --- Canada. --- Constitutional Law. --- Canadian Law. --- Constitutional limitations --- Constitutionalism --- Constitutions --- Limitations, Constitutional --- Interpretation and construction --- Canadae --- Ceanada --- Chanada --- Chanadey --- Dominio del Canadá --- Dominion of Canada --- Kʻaenada --- Kanada --- Ḳanadah --- Kanadaja --- Kanadas --- Ḳanade --- Kanado --- Kanakā --- Province of Canada --- Republica de Canadá --- Yn Chanadey --- Public law --- Administrative law --- Kanak --- Ontario --- Québec --- Canada (Province) --- Dominio del Canad --- Republica de Canad --- Jianada --- Kaineḍā --- Dret constitucional. --- Canadà.

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Making, amending, and interpreting constitutions is a political game that can yield widespread suffering or secure a nation's liberty and prosperity. Given these high stakes, Robert Cooter argues that constitutional theory should trouble itself less with literary analysis and arguments over founders' intentions and focus much more on the real-world consequences of various constitutional provisions and choices. Pooling the best available theories from economics and political science, particularly those developed from game theory, Cooter's economic analysis of constitutions fundamentally recasts a field of growing interest and dramatic international importance. By uncovering the constitutional incentives that influence citizens, politicians, administrators, and judges, Cooter exposes fault lines in alternative forms of democracy: unitary versus federal states, deep administration versus many elections, parliamentary versus presidential systems, unicameral versus bicameral legislatures, common versus civil law, and liberty versus equality rights. Cooter applies an efficiency test to these alternatives, asking how far they satisfy the preferences of citizens for laws and public goods. To answer Cooter contrasts two types of democracy, which he defines as competitive government. The center of the political spectrum defeats the extremes in "median democracy," whereas representatives of all the citizens bargain over laws and public goods in "bargain democracy." Bargaining can realize all the gains from political trades, or bargaining can collapse into an unstable contest of redistribution. States plagued by instability and contests over redistribution should move towards median democracy by increasing transaction costs and reducing the power of the extremes. Specifically, promoting median versus bargain democracy involves promoting winner-take-all elections versus proportional representation, two parties versus multiple parties, referenda versus representative democracy, and special governments versus comprehensive governments. This innovative theory will have ramifications felt across national and disciplinary borders, and will be debated by a large audience, including the growing pool of economists interested in how law and politics shape economic policy, political scientists using game theory or specializing in constitutional law, and academic lawyers. The approach will also garner attention from students of political science, law, and economics, as well as policy makers working in and with new democracies where constitutions are being written and refined.

Public law. Constitutional law --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Constitutional law --- Game theory. --- Law and economics. --- Philosophy. --- Dret constitucional --- Filosofia. --- Jim Crow laws. --- Pareto frontier. --- accountability: of legislators. --- agenda setting rules. --- bargaining, legislative. --- chaos theorem. --- commodity, contingent. --- condemnation doctrine. --- consequentialism. --- delegation game. --- discussion set. --- emergency doctrine. --- engorgement principle. --- hate speech. --- intransivity. --- judicial review. --- law merchant. --- matching grants. --- maximin. --- natural monopoly. --- patronage system. --- political speech. --- private bads. --- slavery. --- sub-majority rule. --- term limits. --- unicameralism. --- white flight. --- zero-sum game.

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In his extensive body of work, Professor Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim challenges both historical interpretations of Islamic Sharia and neo-colonial understanding of human rights. To advance the rationale of scholarship for social change, An-Naim proposes advancing the universality of human rights through internal discourse within Islamic and African societies and cross-cultural dialogue among human cultures. This book proposes a transformation from human rights organized around a state determined practice to one that is focused on a people-centric approach that empowers individuals to decide how human rights will be understood and integrated into their communities. Decolonizing Human Rights aims to illustrate the decisive role of human agency on the subject of change, without implying that Islamic or any other society are exceptionally disposed to politically motivated violence and consequent profound political instability.

Human rights --- Social aspects. --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation --- Drets humans --- Canvi social --- Evolució cultural --- Història social --- Progrés --- Sociologia --- Darwinisme social --- Desenvolupament comunitari --- Difusió cultural --- Intervenció social --- Drets de l'home --- Ciències polítiques --- Discriminació --- Dret constitucional --- Defensors dels drets humans --- Detenció de persones --- Dret a l'alimentació --- Dret a la salut --- Dret a la vida --- Dret a un judici just --- Dret al treball --- Drets fonamentals --- Drets humans (Dret internacional) --- Drets sexuals --- Drets socials --- Drets culturals --- Reivindicacions socials --- Llibertat

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This book tells a story of Taiwan’s transformation from an authoritarian regime to a democratic system where human rights are protected as required by international human rights treaties. There were difficult times for human rights protection during the martial law era; however, there has also been remarkable transformation progress in human rights protection thereafter. The book reflects the transformation in Taiwan and elaborates whether or not it is facilitated or hampered by its Confucian tradition. There are a number of institutional arrangements, including the Constitutional Court, the Control Yuan, and the yet-to-be-created National Human Rights Commission, which could play or have already played certain key roles in human rights protections. Taiwan’s voluntarily acceptance of human rights treaties through its implementation legislation and through the Constitutional Court’s introduction of such treaties into its constitutional interpretation are also fully expounded in the book. Taiwan’s NGOs are very active and have played critical roles in enhancing human rights practices. In the areas of civil and political rights, difficult human rights issues concerning the death penalty remain unresolved. But regarding the rights and freedoms in the spheres of personal liberty, expression, privacy, and fair trial (including lay participation in criminal trials), there are in-depth discussions on the respective developments in Taiwan that readers will find interesting. In the areas of economic, social, and cultural rights, the focuses of the book are on the achievements as well as the problems in the realization of the rights to health, a clean environment, adequate housing, and food. The protections of vulnerable groups, including indigenous people, women, LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) individuals, the disabled, and foreigners in Taiwan, are also the areas where Taiwan has made recognizable achievements, but still encounters problems. The comprehensive coverage of this book should be able to give readers a well-rounded picture of Taiwan’s human rights performance. Readers will find appealing the story of the effort to achieve high standards of human rights protection in a jurisdiction barred from joining international human rights conventions.

Constitutional law. --- Social justice. --- Human rights. --- Criminology. --- Constitutional Law. --- Human Rights. --- Social Justice, Equality and Human Rights. --- Human Rights and Crime . --- Crime --- Social sciences --- Criminals --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Equality --- Justice --- Constitutional law --- Constitutional limitations --- Constitutionalism --- Constitutions --- Limitations, Constitutional --- Public law --- Administrative law --- Study and teaching --- Law and legislation --- Interpretation and construction --- Drets humans (Dret internacional) --- Dret constitucional --- Justícia social --- Taiwan --- Igualtat --- Justícia ambiental --- Justícia distributiva --- Reparacions d'injustícies històriques --- Reivindicacions socials --- Dret polític --- Dret --- Béns públics --- Constitucionalitat de les lleis --- Delegació de poders (Gestió) --- Democràcia --- Doctrina de facto --- Domini directe --- Dret a l'honor --- Drets adquirits --- Dret electoral --- Drets humans --- Drets polítics --- Estat de dret --- Federalisme --- Habeas corpus --- Incompatibilitat de càrrecs --- Iniciativa legislativa --- Jurisprudència constitucional --- Legislació --- Legislatura --- Llei marcial --- Monarquia --- Nacionalitat --- Parlaments --- Persones (Dret constitucional) --- Poder constitutiu --- Poder executiu --- Poder judicial --- Poder legislatiu --- Poders d'excepció --- Privilegis i immunitats --- Recurs d'empara --- Recurs d'inconstitucionalitat --- Referèndum --- Reformes constitucionals --- República --- Reserva de llei --- Separació de poders --- Sobirania --- Sufragi --- Constitucions --- Dret administratiu --- Successió política --- Tribunals constitucionals --- Dret internacional dels drets humans --- Dret internacional --- Dret humanitari --- Justícia transicional --- Chung-hua Min-kuo --- Formosa --- República de la Xina --- T'ai-wan --- Xina Nacionalista --- Àsia oriental --- Desigualtat social