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Bertha S. Phillpotts (1863-1932) was an English historian and linguist of Scandinavia who served as the Director of Scandinavian Studies in the University of Cambridge from 1926 to 1932. First published as part of Cambridge Archaeological and Ethnological Series in 1913, this pioneering and highly influential book contains a detailed examination of kinship structures in northern Europe during the early medieval period. In this work, Phillpotts analyses the laws and literature of seven northern European countries to explore the kinship structure of their ancient societies. The references to the legal concept of 'weregild' and the description of gender hierarchies, together with the range of evidence examined, cause this work to remain of considerable relevance for the understanding of kinship systems in medieval Germanic and Scandinavian societies.

Kinship --- Teutonic race. --- Clans --- Clans and clan system --- Sibs --- Families --- Tribes --- Nordic race --- Caucasian race --- Ethnology --- Consanguinity --- Kin recognition

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Indo-European languages --- Indo-Europeans --- Congresses. --- Conferences - Meetings --- Aryans --- Civilization, Aryan --- Civilization, Indo-European --- Indo-Germanic peoples --- Caucasian race --- Ethnology --- Congresses --- Indo-European languages - Congresses --- Indo-Europeans - Congresses

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Semites --- Religion. --- 299.2 --- -#GGSB: Jodendom --- Caucasian race --- Godsdiensten van de Semitische volkeren --- Religion --- 299.2 Godsdiensten van de Semitische volkeren --- #GGSB: Jodendom --- Jodendom --- Semites - Religion.

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Indo-European philology. --- Indo-Europeans. --- Indo-European philology --- Indo-Europeans --- Aryans --- Civilization, Aryan --- Civilization, Indo-European --- Indo-Germanic peoples --- Caucasian race --- Ethnology --- Aryan philology

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In America today, the problem of achieving racial justice--whether through "color-blind" policies or through affirmative action--provokes more noisy name-calling than fruitful deliberation. In Color Conscious, K. Anthony Appiah and Amy Gutmann, two eminent moral and political philosophers, seek to clear the ground for a discussion of the place of race in politics and in our moral lives. Provocative and insightful, their essays tackle different aspects of the question of racial justice; together they provide a compelling response to our nation's most vexing problem. Appiah begins by establishing the problematic nature of the idea of race. He draws on the scholarly consensus that "race" has no legitimate biological basis, exploring the history of its invention as a social category and showing how the concept has been used to explain differences among groups of people by mistakenly attributing various "essences" to them. Appiah argues that, while people of color may still need to gather together, in the face of racism, under the banner of race, they need also to balance carefully the calls of race against the many other dimensions of individual identity; and he suggests, finally, what this might mean for our political life. Gutmann examines alternative political responses to racial injustice. She argues that American politics cannot be fair to all citizens by being color blind because American society is not color blind. Fairness, not color blindness, is a fundamental principle of justice. Whether policies should be color-conscious, class conscious, or both in particular situations, depends on an open-minded assessment of their fairness. Exploring timely issues of university admissions, corporate hiring, and political representation, Gutmann develops a moral perspective that supports a commitment to constitutional democracy. Appiah and Gutmann write candidly and carefully, presenting many-faceted interpretations of a host of controversial issues. Rather than supplying simple answers to complex questions, they offer to citizens of every color principled starting points for the ongoing national discussions about race.

Whites --- African Americans --- Racism --- Race awareness --- Negritude --- Race identity --- Race identity. --- Ethnic identity --- United States --- Race relations. --- Race question --- White persons --- Ethnology --- Caucasian race --- White people