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Liquid alloys --- Liquid metals --- Solidification --- Quenching
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Crystal growth --- Founding --- Metals --- Solidification --- Quenching
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Quorum Quenching --- Antimicrobial Resistance --- (Anti)Fouling --- Signaling --- Biotechnology
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Quorum --- Sensing --- quenching --- Enzymes --- Molecules --- inhibitors --- activators --- regulation --- animal-models --- techniques
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Mechanical properties of solids --- Metals --- -Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Quenching --- -Quenching --- Electron paramagnetic resonance. --- Mössbauer spectroscopy. --- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. --- Defects. --- 538.9 --- 538.9 Physics of condensed matter (in liquid state and solid state) --- Physics of condensed matter (in liquid state and solid state) --- Experimental solid state physics --- Electronics and optics of solids --- Crystals --- Quenching of metals --- Cooling --- Heat treatment --- Nuclear magnetic resonance. --- Crystal defects --- Esr (electron spin resonance) --- Moessbauer effect --- Solids
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535.35 --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- 535.35 Excitation. Extinction --- Excitation. Extinction --- Photolysis (Chemistry) --- Chemical action --- Photochemistry --- Physical organic chemistry --- Light --- #WSCH:MODS --- fysicochemie --- Molecular orbitals. --- Organic compounds. --- Chromophores --- Energy level excitation --- Quenching --- Reaction mechanism
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Metal ions are fundamental elements for the maintenance of the lifespan of plants, animals and humans. Their substantial role in biological systems was recognized a long time ago. They are essential for the maintenance of life and their absence can cause growth disorders, severe malfunction, carcinogenesis or death. They are protagonists as macro- or microelements in several structural and functional roles, participating in many bio-chemical reactions, and arise in several forms. They participate in intra- and intercellular communications, in maintaining electrical charges and osmotic pressure, in photosynthesis and electron transfer processes, in the maintenance of pairing, stacking and the stability of nucleotide bases and also in the regulation of DNA transcription. They contribute to the proper functioning of nerve cells, muscle cells, the brain and the heart, the transport of oxygen and to many other biological processes up to the point that we cannot even imagine a life without metals. In this book, the papers published in the Special Issue “The Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine” are summarized, providing a picture of metal ion uses in biology, biochemistry and medicine, but also pointing out the toxicity impacts on plants, animals, humans and the environment.
aluminium --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- durum wheat --- excitation pressure --- non-photochemical quenching --- photosynthesis --- photoprotection --- photoinhibition --- reactive oxygen species --- triticale --- Cd toxicity --- detoxification mechanism --- photochemical quenching --- photosynthetic heterogeneity --- photoprotective mechanism --- phytoremediation --- plastoquinone pool --- redox state --- spatiotemporal variation --- mercury --- biosorption --- dead cells --- Lysinibacillus sphaericus --- dithizone --- GF-AAS --- EDS-SEM --- adaptive response --- hormetic response --- hydrogen peroxide --- marine angiosperms --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- zinc oxide nanoparticles --- titanium dioxide --- nanoparticles --- solubility --- toxicity --- skin --- safety --- bimetallic nanoparticles --- mature leaves --- spatiotemporal heterogeneity --- young leaves --- osteoblasts --- corrosion --- ions --- particles --- osteolysis --- inflammation --- bioimaging --- clary sage --- effective quantum yield (ΦPSΙΙ) --- non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) --- photochemical quenching (qp) --- singlet oxygen (1O2) --- aseptic loosening --- metal ions --- monocytes --- macrophages --- 5-caffeoylquinic acid --- chlorogenic acid --- zinc --- plant phenolic compounds --- oxidative stress --- n/a
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Steels represent a quite interesting material family, both from scientific and commercial points of view, following many applications they can be devoted to. Following this, it is therefore essential to deeply understand the relations between properties and microstructure and how to drive them via a specific process. Despite their diffusion as a consolidated material, many research fields are active regarding new applications. In this framework, in particular, the role of heat treatments in obtaining complex microstructures is still quite an open matter, which is also thanks to the design of innovative heat treatments.This Special Issue embraces interdisciplinary work covering physical metallurgy and processes, reporting on experimental and theoretical progress concerning microstructural evolution during the heat treatment of steels.
nitriding --- nitrocarburizing --- two-stage treatment --- process design --- compound layer --- white layer --- nitriding hardness depth --- steel-clad plate --- element diffusion --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- high speed steel --- vacuum heat treatment --- plane strain fracture toughness --- residual stress --- creep --- stress relief --- welded rotor --- forged steels --- high-Cr steel --- austempering --- high silicon steel --- retained austenite --- pearlitic steel wire --- elongation to failure --- torsion --- reduction of area --- annealing --- low density steels --- forging --- kappa carbide --- FeCMnAl --- steel --- martensitic steel --- ε-carbide --- tempering --- hydrogen embrittlement --- mechanical strength --- inoculant --- materials design --- gear steel --- AlN precipitate --- carburization --- austenite grain size --- Zener pinning --- precipitation criterion --- boiling curve --- quenching severity --- boiling and quenching heat transfer --- metal quenching heat flow --- ultrafast heating annealing --- thermo-cycling annealing --- ultra-high strength steel --- auto-tempering --- martensite --- hole expansion ratio --- flash heating --- QP --- low carbon steel --- n/a
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