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Hydrothermal deposits --- Hydrothermal vents --- Juan de Fuca Ridge.

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Geology --- Hydrothermal vents --- Hydrothermal vent animals --- Escanaba Trough. --- Pacific Ocean

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Igneous oceanic crust is one of the largest potential habitats for life on earth, and microbial activity supported by rock-water-microbe reactions in this environment can impact global biogeochemical cycles. However, our understanding of the microbiology of this system, especially the subsurface “deep biosphere” component of it, has traditionally been limited by sample availability and quality. Over the past decade, several major international programs (such as the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations, the current International Ocean Discovery Program and its predecessor Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, and the Deep Carbon Observatory) have focused on advancing our understanding of life in this cryptic, yet globally relevant, biosphere. Additionally, many field and laboratory research programs are examining hydrothermal vent systems –a seafloor expression of seawater that has been thermally and chemically altered in subseafloor crust – and the microbial communities supported by these mineral-rich fluids. The Frontiers in Microbiology 3 September 2017 | Recent Advances in Geomicrobiology of the Ocean Crust papers in this special issue bring together recent discoveries of microbial presence, diversity and activity in these dynamic ocean environments. Cumulatively, the articles in this special issue serve as a tribute to the late Dr. Katrina J. Edwards, who was a pioneer and profound champion of studying microbes that “rust the crust”. This special issue volume serves as a foundation for the continued exploration of the subsurface ocean crust deep biosphere.

IODP --- deep biosphere --- hydrothermal vents --- Geomicrobiology --- ocean crust --- iron oxidation --- sulfate reduction

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Deep-sea genetic resources and the interest of the biotechnology industry in their exploitation are emerging as a significant challenge for international oceans governance. Focusing on the ecosystems associated with deep-sea hydrothermal vents in areas beyond national jurisdiction this book examines a range of emerging activities in the deep sea including bioprospecting, marine scientific research, mining and tourism and considers the effectiveness of existing international law and governance mechanisms to sustainably manage these activities. It includes a detailed examination of the nature and extent of bioprospecting in the deep sea and its relationship with other activities such as marine scientific research. The book sets out in detail suggestions for how international law and policy regimes could respond to these challenges. As the first detailed study on this issue it will be useful reference for academics, diplomats, economists, scientists and policy makers alike.

Marine sciences --- Ocean bottom --- Hydrothermal vent ecology. --- Germplasm resources conservation --- Ocean bottom (Maritime law) --- Law of the sea --- Hydrothermal vents --- Deep-sea ecology --- Hot spring ecology --- Research --- Law and legislation. --- Ecology

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Hydrothermal vent ecology --- 553.065 --- 551.465.7 --- #WSCH:FYS3 --- Hydrothermal deposits --- Interactions between the sea and its environment --- Hydrothermal vent ecology. --- 551.465.7 Interactions between the sea and its environment --- 553.065 Hydrothermal deposits --- Hydrothermal vents --- Deep-sea ecology --- Hot spring ecology --- Ecology --- Ecology. --- Seafloor spreading