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This book covers the current states of microbial and related technologies that have been developed for the efficient production of chemicals, fuels and materials by integrating strain and enzyme development, fermentation processes, and downstream processes.  The book also covers how microbes and microbial products can be employed to facilitate petroleum recovery. Global consequences of bio-based production of chemicals, fuels and materials are also discussed with insights.

Life sciences. --- Microbiology. --- Biochemistry. --- Microbial ecology. --- Environmental engineering. --- Biotechnology. --- Life Sciences. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Environmental health --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Sustainable engineering --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Ecology --- Microbiology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Microbial biology --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Composition --- Industrial microbiology. --- Bioremediation. --- Industrial Microbiology. --- Environmental biotechnology --- Biodegradation --- Biotechnology --- Industrial applications

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Sejong, --- Korea --- History --- Kings and rulers

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The purpose of this paper is to offer an explanation of why a developing country may adopt a partial reform under which foreign direct investments are controlled. We consider a country where the ruling elite [referred to as State capital] prevents the entry of Foreign capital and taxes the private sector before reform. The impetus to reform comes from an improved productivity of Foreign capital. The reform diminishes State capital's ability to tax the private sector but allows it to extract payment from Foreign capital for access to its markets. We show that a higher productivity of Foreign capital always increases the attractiveness of a partial reform under which State capital can control the inflow of Foreign capital. In contrast, a higher productivity of Foreign capital can reduce the attractiveness of a full reform under which the entry of Foreign capital is unregulated. Our analysis implies that, under the circumstances where the impetus to reform comes from improvements in Foreign productivity, State capital's exercise of control over Foreign capital's inflow may be a necessary condition for the reform to take place at all. In the absence of such a control, State capital may be reluctant to carry out the efficiency-enhancing reforms."

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Short stories, Korean --- Yi, Sang,