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Sadly enough, war, conflicts and terrorism appear to stay with us in the 21st century. But what is our outlook on new methods for preventing and ending them? Present-day hard- and software enables the development of large crisis, conflict, and conflict management databases with many variables, sometimes with automated updates, statistical analyses of a high complexity, elaborate simulation models, and even interactive uses of these databases. In this book, these methods are presented, further developed, and applied in relation to the main issue: the resolution and prevention of intra- and international conflicts. Conflicts are a worldwide phenomenon. Therefore, internationally leading researchers from the USA, Austria, Canada, Germany, New Zealand and Switzerland have contributed. This book is for students and scientists in international relations and political sciences, and decision makers or their advisers in national and international bodies, both governmental and non-governmental.

War --- Peace --- Conflict management --- Computer simulation. --- Conflict control --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute settlement --- Management of conflict --- Managing conflict --- Management --- Negotiation --- Problem solving --- Social conflict --- Crisis management --- Coexistence, Peaceful --- Peaceful coexistence --- International relations --- Disarmament --- Peace-building --- Security, International --- Information theory. --- Social sciences. --- Social sciences --- Political science. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. --- Theory of Computation. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Methodology of the Social Sciences. --- Political Science. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Methodology. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- State, The --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Computers. --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Calculators --- Cyberspace

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In most scenarios of the future a personalized virtual butler appears. This butler not only performs communication and coordination tasks but also gives recommendations on how to handle everyday problems. The aim of this book is to explore the prerequisites of such a personalized virtual butler by asking: what is known about the capacities and the needs of aging people; which information and communication technologies have been used in assisting/conversing with persons, especially older ones, and what were the results; what are the advantages/disadvantages of virtual butlers as mainly software programs compared robots as butlers; and which methods, especially in artificial intelligence, have to be developed further and in which direction in order to create a virtual butler in the foreseeable future?

Computer science. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Computers and Society. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering --- Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Informatics --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Computers and civilization. --- Human-computer interaction. --- User interfaces (Computer systems) --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Human-computer interaction --- Computer-human interaction --- Human factors in computing systems --- Interaction, Human-computer --- Human engineering --- User-centered system design --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Science --- Civilization and computers --- Civilization

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Artificial intelligence --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Artificial intelligence.

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Emotions as seen, analyzed, and modelled by scientists, artists, philosophers, and engineers.Emotions have been much studied and discussed in recent years. Most books, however, treat only one aspect of emotions, such as emotions and the brain, emotions and well-being, or emotions and computer agents. This interdisciplinary book presents recent work on emotions in neuroscience, cognitive science, philosophy, computer science, artificial intelligence, and software and game development. The book discusses the components of human emotion and how they might be incorporated into machines, whether artificial agents should convey emotional responses to human users and how such responses could be made believable, and whether agents should accept and interpret the emotions of users without displaying emotions of their own. It also covers the evolution and brain architecture of emotions, offers vocabularies and classifications for defining emotions, and examines emotions in relation to machines, games, virtual worlds, and music.

Emotions --- Social Sciences --- Psychology --- Physiological aspects --- Computer simulation --- Feelings --- Human emotions --- Passions --- Affect (Psychology) --- Affective neuroscience --- Apathy --- Pathognomy --- COGNITIVE SCIENCES/General

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The Advanced Course on Artificial Intelligence ACAI 2001 with the subtitle M ulti- Agent Systems and Their Applications , held in Prague, Czech Republic, was a joint event of ECCAI (the European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence) and AgentLink, the European Network of Excellence for Agent-Based Computing. Whereas ECCAI organizes two-week ACAI courses on different topics every second year, AgentLink s European Agent Systems Summer School (EASSS) has been an annual event since 1999. This year, both of these important events were merged together, giving weight to the fact that multi-agent systems currently represent one of the hottest topics in AI research. The name, ACAI 2001 Summer School, is intended to emphasize that this event continues the tradition of regular ECCAI activities (ACAI), as well as the EASSS summer schools of AgentLink. The Prague ACAI Summer School was proposed and initiated by both the Gerstner Laboratory, Czech Technical University, Prague (GL-CTU) and the Czech Society for Cybernetics and Informatics (CSKI), with the support of the Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Vienna (OFAI). Part of our motivation was catalyzed by experience gained in 1992 during the International Summer School Advanced Topics in Artificial Intelligence (see Springer s LNAI vol. 617) which was organized by the same Czech and Austrian bodies. One of the most important stimulating factors behind the organization of ACAI 2001 was the support provided by the European Commission to the Gerstner Laboratory within the frame of the MIRACLE Center of Excellence project (IST No.

Intelligent agents (Computer software) --- Artificial intelligence --- Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- 681.3*I211 --- 681.3*C24 --- 681.3*K4 --- 681.3*H3 --- 681.3*H4 --- 681.3*I2 --- Distributed artificial intelligence: coherence and coordination; intelligent agents; languages and structures; multiagent systems --- Distributed systems: distributed databases; distributed applications; networkoperating systems --- Computing milieux: Computers and society --- Information storage and retrieval --- Computer science--Information systems applications (GIS etc.) --- Artificial intelligence. AI --- 681.3*I2 Artificial intelligence. AI --- 681.3*C24 Distributed systems: distributed databases; distributed applications; networkoperating systems --- Artificial intelligence. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Agents, Autonomous (Computer software) --- Agents, Cognitive (Computer software) --- Agents, Intelligent (Computer software) --- Assistants, Cognitive (Computer software) --- Assistants, Intelligent software --- Autonomous agents (Computer software) --- Cognitive agents (Computer software) --- Cognitive assistants (Computer software) --- IAs (Computer software) --- Intelligent agent software --- Intelligent software agents --- Intelligent software assistants --- Software agents (Computer software) --- Special agents (Computer software) --- Computer science. --- Computer communication systems. --- Software engineering. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Computers and civilization. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems. --- Software Engineering. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Computers and Society. --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Computer programs --- Civilization and computers --- Civilization --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Informatics --- Science --- Distributed processing --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Computer networks.