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To inform debate on a new transportation bill being considered, the authors review the literature on the economic outcomes of highway infrastructure spending, which constitutes the largest share of federal spending on transportation infrastructure. They highlight the connections between highway spending and the economy and then analyze the literature to trace the effects of highway infrastructure on productivity, output, and employment.

Infrastructure (Economics) -- United States. --- Infrastructure (Economics). --- Roads -- United States. --- Roads. --- Infrastructure (Economics) --- Roads --- Business & Economics --- Transportation Economics --- Economic History --- Economic aspects. --- E-books

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What is the impact of demographics on the prospective production of military power and the causes of war? This monograph analyzes this issue by projecting working-age populations through 2050; assessing the influence of demographics on manpower, national income and expenditures, and human capital; and examining how changes in these factors may affect the ability of states to carry out military missions.

Armed Forces --- Demographic transition. --- Manpower policy --- Population aging --- Security, International --- War --- #SBIB:327.5H30 --- #SBIB:314H270 --- #SBIB:328H31 --- Collective security --- International security --- International relations --- Disarmament --- International organization --- Peace --- Aging of population --- Aging population --- Aging society --- Demographic aging --- Graying (Demography) --- Greying (Demography) --- Age distribution (Demography) --- Transition, Demographic --- Vital revolution (Demography) --- Demography --- Population --- Vital statistics --- Armed Services --- Military, The --- Military art and science --- Mobilization --- Forecasting. --- Economic aspects. --- Militaire organisaties – leger- stijdkracht --- Demografie en economische interrelaties: algemeen --- Instellingen en beleid: VSA / USA --- United States --- Military policy --- Armed Forces -- Mobilization -- Forecasting. --- Manpower policy -- United States. --- Population aging -- Economic aspects. --- Security, International -- Economic aspects. --- United States -- Military policy -- Forecasting. --- War -- Forecasting. --- Demographic transition --- Military & Naval Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Armies --- Forecasting --- Economic aspects --- U.S.A. --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- USA --- US --- Arhab --- Ar. ha-B. --- Artsot ha-Berit --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- ABSh --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- ABŞ --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Forente stater --- Spojené staty americké --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Yhdysvallat --- Verenigde Staten --- Egyesült Államok --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Estados Unidos de América --- United States of America --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- SShA --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- VSA --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Estados Unidos --- EE.UU. --- Stany Zjednoczone --- ĒPA --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- ZSA --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mei guo --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- U.S. --- America (Republic) --- Amirika Carékat --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- VS --- ولايات المتحدة --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- Istadus Unidus --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Bí-kok --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- AQSh --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- Yunaeted Stet --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- САЩ --- SASht --- Съединените щати --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Америка (Republic) --- Amerika (Republic) --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Stati Uniti --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ē.P.A. --- Usono --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- FS --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Stâts Unîts --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- S.U.A. --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- Mî-koet --- 미국 --- Miguk --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Mobilization&delete& --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- États-Unis --- É.-U. --- ÉU --- Balance of power --- Defense policy --- Military readiness --- Military history --- Sociology, Military --- National security --- Power, Balance of --- Power politics --- Political realism --- Political aspects

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The study addresses the question of how the Kurdistan Regional Government can improve the private-sector labor market in the Kurdistan Region{u2013}Iraq (KRI). Doing so will involve creating mechanisms by which job-seekers can develop the right skills and find employers who will hire them, employers can find the employees they need, and the government can create an enabling environment in which the best matches between job-seekers and employers can be made. The study estimates the likely number and education levels of new job-seekers through 2020. It conducts an original, scientific survey to learn about employer perceptions of skill gaps in the KRI. Then, it investigates sectoral employment growth in comparison economies to identify promising growth sectors. Finally, it outlines policy steps for the government to take to improve the functioning of the private-sector labor market.

Labor market --- Economic surveys --- Employment forecasting --- Manpower policy --- Economic surveys. --- Employment forecasting. --- Labor market. --- Manpower policy. --- Iraq --- Employment policy --- Human resource development --- Labor market policy --- Manpower utilization --- Labor policy --- Labor supply --- Trade adjustment assistance --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Markets --- Forecasting, Employment --- Economic forecasting --- Surveys --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Supply and demand --- Forecasting

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This monograph provides strategies to increase private-sector employment, including ways to reemploy civil-service workers in the private sector, in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq. Prepared for and at the request of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), this monograph is based on a variety of research methods and analyses. These include a review of the existing literature, analyses of survey data, analysis of Kurdistan regional and Iraqi national documents and laws, and a qualitative assessment of numerous conversations with government officials and private-sector employers. The KRG can develop its private sector by removing obstacles to starting or expanding a business, by identifying sectors for which conditions are particularly favorable for private-sector growth and supporting them, and by outsourcing and privatizing some functions that the KRG currently performs. However, private-sector growth does not guarantee that civil-service workers will leave for private-sector employment. Civil-service workers will need the qualifications necessary for private-sector jobs and will have to expect that the benefits of private-sector employment outweigh the benefits of civil-service employment. At the same time, as the KRG devises methods for encouraging civil-service workers to leave for the private sector, a key challenge will be to ensure that the most productive employees stay with the KRG in order to ensure the proper functioning of government.

Civil service --- Public service employment --- Manpower policy --- Economic development --- Government - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Government - Asia --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Employment policy --- Human resource development --- Labor market --- Labor market policy --- Manpower utilization --- Employment, Public service --- Work relief --- Bureaucrats --- Career government service --- Civil servants --- Government employees --- Government service --- Public employees --- Public service (Civil service) --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Labor policy --- Labor supply --- Trade adjustment assistance --- Economic assistance, Domestic --- Full employment policies --- Public administration --- Public officers --- Kurdistān (Iraq) --- Iraq. --- Iraq --- Economic policy. --- Bilād al-Rāfidayn --- Bilād --- Irak --- Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah --- Republic of Iraq --- Kordestān (Iraq)

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Statistics --- Methodology. --- Kurdistān (Iraq) --- Statistical services. --- Kordestān (Iraq)