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Government --- Political systems --- Elections --- Democracy --- Representative government and representation --- Majorities --- Proportional representation --- #SBIB:023.AANKOOP --- #SBIB:324H42 --- Politieke structuren: verkiezingen --- Parliamentary government --- Political representation --- Representation --- Self-government --- Constitutional history --- Constitutional law --- Political science --- Republics --- Suffrage --- Cumulative voting --- Representation, Proportional --- Voting, Cumulative --- Voting --- Minorities --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Equality --- Democracy. --- Elections. --- Majorities. --- Proportional representation. --- Representative government and representation.

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Ideological congruence is the term generally used in comparative politics for the representative relationship between the general preferences of citizens and the perceived and stated position of government. This study provides a systematic comparative assessment of success and failure in achieving ideological congruence in nineteen developed parliamentary democracies from 1996 through to 2017. It then deconstructs the processes through which elections can connect citizens and governments into the three major stages: citizens' votes in parliamentary elections; the conversion of those votes into legislative representation; the election of prime ministers by their parliaments and the appointment of cabinet ministers. Analyzing these three stages shows that average distance from the median citizen increases at each stage, with only a few remarkable recoveries once congruence begins to go astray.

Representative government and representation. --- Democracy. --- Proportional representation. --- Political parties --- Right and left (Political science) --- Left (Political science) --- Left and right (Political science) --- Right (Political science) --- Political science --- Party platforms, Political --- Platforms of political parties --- Political party platforms --- Political platforms --- Cumulative voting --- Representation, Proportional --- Voting, Cumulative --- Constitutional law --- Elections --- Representative government and representation --- Self-government --- Equality --- Republics --- Parliamentary government --- Political representation --- Representation --- Constitutional history --- Democracy --- Suffrage --- Platforms.

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Politics --- 32.001.36 --- Comparative government --- #SBIB:324H40 --- Comparative political systems --- Comparative politics --- Government, Comparative --- Political systems, Comparative --- Political science --- Vergelijkende politieke wetenschap --- Politieke structuren: algemeen --- Comparative government. --- 32.001.36 Vergelijkende politieke wetenschap

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