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Sociolinguistics --- English language --- Dialectology --- America --- African Americans --- Americanisms --- Black English --- Languages. --- History. --- African American English --- American black dialect --- Ebonics --- Negro-English dialects --- Languages --- History --- Provincialisms --- Dialects --- United States --- Language --- Black English - United States - History. --- Germanic languages
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"Studies of bilingual behavior have been proliferating for decades, yet short shrift has been given to its major manifestation, the incorporation of words from one language into the discourse of another. This volume redresses that imbalance by going straight to the source: bilingual speakers in their social context. Building on more than three decades of original research based on vast quantities of spontaneous performance data and a highly ramified analytical apparatus, Shana Poplack characterizes the phenomenon of lexical borrowing in the speech community and in the grammar, both synchronically and diachronically. In contrast to most other treatments, which deal with the product of borrowing (if they consider it at all), this book examines the process: how speakers go about incorporating foreign items into their bilingual discourse; how they adapt them to recipient-language grammatical structure; how these forms diffuse across speakers and communities; how long they persist in real time; and whether they change over the duration. Attacking some of the most contentious issue in language mixing research empirically, it tests hypotheses about established loanwords, nonce borrowings and code-switches on a wealth of unique datasets on typologically similar and distinct language pairs. A major focus is the detailed analysis of integration: the principal mechanism underlying the borrowing process. Though the shape the borrowed form assumes may be colored by community convention, Poplack shows that the act of transforming donor-language elements into native material is universal. Emphasis on actual speaker behavior coupled with strong standards of proof, including data-driven reports of rates of occurrence, conditioning of variant choice and measures of statistical significance, make Borrowing an indispensable reference on language contact and bilingual behavior. "--
Language and languages --- Languages in contact --- Foreign words and phrases --- Foreign elements --- LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Psycholinguistics. --- LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Sociolinguistics. --- Foreign elements. --- International words --- Loan words --- Loanwords --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES --- Languages in contact. --- Linguistics --- Historical & Comparative. --- Psycholinguistics. --- Sociolinguistics. --- Foreign words and phrases. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- Areal linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Psycholinguistics --- Sociolinguistics --- LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative.
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African Americans --- English language --- English language --- English language --- Blacks --- Blacks --- Black English --- Americanisms --- Languages --- Social aspects --- Colonies --- Social aspects --- Variation --- Languages --- Languages --- Great Britain --- Colonies --- Languages.
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A range of electronic corpora has become increasingly accessible via the WWW and CD-ROM. This development coincided with improvements in the standards governing the collecting, encoding and archiving of such data. Less attention, however, has been paid to making other types of digital data available. This is especially true of that which one might describe as 'unconventional', namely, dialects, child language and bilingual databases. This book is a first step toward developing similar standards for enriching and preserving these neglected resources.
#KVHA:Taalkunde --- #KVHA:Corpuslinguïstiek --- #KVHA:Computerlinguïstiek --- Computational linguistics.
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