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HIV/AIDS continues to be one of the most challenging individual and public health concerns of the present day. According to the UNAIDS, nearly 38 million individuals were living with the infection by the end of 2018, while 1.7 million new cases occurred during that same year. In spite of the numerous advances in the development and delivery of antiretroviral agents, both for treatment and prevention, several challenges remain. This book includes original research and review articles on innovative strategies and approaches for the formulation and delivery of anti-HIV drugs, including genetic material and other biopharmaceuticals. Different local and systemic delivery strategies are addressed based on different technologies intended for oral, transdermal, subcutaneous, vaginal, or rectal administration. Authored by eminent scientists in academia and nonprofit organizations involved in the development of antiretroviral drug products, this collection provides useful information for all those involved in HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention.
Anti-HIV Drugs --- HIV --- AIDS
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This book provides a concise and up-to-date overview of the biological features justifying the use of different human mucosa as delivery routes for biopharmaceuticals as well as the technological strategies that have been followed so far regarding the optimization of mucosal potentialities. The book also addresses the challenges that arise with the advent of new biopharmaceutical drugs and alternative means of administration. After a brief introduction, the first section addresses general aspects of the biology of mucosal tissues and their unique aspects towards beneficial or deleterious interactions with biopharmaceuticals and delivery systems. The second part is dedicated to the different delivery strategies that have recently been investigated for different mucosal sites. The third section describes the development and clinical applications, either factual or potential, of particular pharmaceutical delivery systems and products enclosing biopharmaceuticals for mucosal delivery. Special focus is set on the most successful case studies of recent years by field experts or those engaged in developing such solutions in a concise and practical way. The last section briefly centers on pertinent aspects about the regulatory, toxicological and market issues of mucosal delivery of biopharmaceuticals. José das Neves is a researcher at Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte, CESPU, Gandra, and in the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal, where he earned a Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences. His previous work has spanned multiple aspects of the development of vaginal drug delivery systems, and his current research interests include the development of nanotechnology-based solutions for the development of anti-HIV microbicides and mucosal delivery of biopharmaceuticals. Bruno Sarmento is an affiliated researcher at INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Portugal. He is also an assistant professor of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical technology at Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal. He earned a Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Technology at the University of Porto. He has extensive work in the development of nanocarriers for the oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals—namely insulin—and the establishment of novel in vitro intestinal permeability models. His current research focuses on nanomedicines and their applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
Biomedicine. --- Biopharmaceutics. --- Medicine. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Pharmacology. --- Toxicology. --- Drug delivery systems --- Mucous membrane --- Biopharmaceutics --- Membranes --- Immunity --- Drug Administration Routes --- Pharmacology --- Investigative Techniques --- Drug Therapy --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Health Occupations --- Immune System Phenomena --- Tissues --- Phenomena and Processes --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Therapeutics --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Anatomy --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Drug Delivery Systems --- Methods --- Administration, Mucosal --- Immunity, Mucosal --- Metabolism --- Mucous Membrane --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Drugs --- Biological transport. --- Drug delivery systems. --- Physiological transport. --- Methodology. --- Delivery systems, Drug --- Drug administration technology --- Drug delivery technology --- Membrane transport --- Passive transport, Biological --- Physiological transport --- Transport, Biological --- Medicaments --- Medications --- Medicine (Drugs) --- Medicines (Drugs) --- Pharmaceuticals --- Prescription drugs --- Delivery systems --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Pharmaceutical technology --- Diffusion --- Osmosis --- Pharmacy --- Bioactive compounds --- Medical supplies --- Pharmacopoeias --- Chemotherapy --- Materia medica --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology --- Toxicology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Physiological effect
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Biomedical Applications of Functionalized Nanomaterials: Concepts, Development and Clinical Translation presents a concise overview of the most promising nanomaterials functionalized with ligands for biomedical applications. The first section focuses on current strategies for identifying biological targets and screening of ligand to optimize anchoring to nanomaterials, providing the foundation for the remaining parts. Section Two covers specific applications of functionalized nanomaterials in therapy and diagnostics, highlighting current practice and addressing major challenges, in particular, case studies of successfully developed and marketed functionalized nanomaterials. The final section focuses on regulatory issues and clinical translation, providing a legal framework for their use in biomedicine. This book is an important reference source for worldwide drug and medical devices policymakers, biomaterials scientists and regulatory bodies.
Mechanical properties of solids --- Human biochemistry --- Materials sciences --- Biomedical materials --- Biodegradation.
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This Special Issue focuses on recycled materials to promote pavement sustainability. It covers the use of construction and demolition waste (reclaimed asphalt pavement, recycled concrete aggregate and glass) and industrial waste (plastic and slag). The application of recycled materials concerns bituminous mixtures, concrete mixtures, and non-traditional interlocking blocks or cobbles.
LCA --- road pavement management --- RAP --- multi-recycling --- circular economy --- sustainability --- electric–electronic waste --- interlock floor --- mechanical resistance --- polymers recycling --- materials --- recycling --- plastics --- cobbles --- lightweight traffic --- pedestrian traffic --- concrete additive --- concrete mixture --- plastic waste --- HDPE --- plastic lamellar particles --- self-compacting concrete (SCC) --- high-performance concrete (HPC) --- recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) --- natural aggregate (NA) --- ageing --- bituminous mixture --- mechanical behaviour --- rejuvenator --- hydraulic mortars --- waste materials --- pozzolanic aggregates --- recycled glass --- marble slurry --- tin slag --- mortar --- compressive strength --- fine aggregate --- rough surfaced --- elongated --- concrete --- costs --- carbon footprint --- carbon price --- asphalt --- waste plastic --- visco-elastic properties --- Marshall stability --- rutting resistance --- environmental impact --- n/a --- electric-electronic waste
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This book studies how technological solutions can be used to alleviate the current state of legal systems, with their clogged up courtrooms and inefficient conflict resolution methods. It reviews the shortcomings and disadvantages of traditional and alternative conflict resolution methods and turns to Artificial Intelligence for problem-solving techniques and solutions.The book is divided into four parts. The first part presents a general and systematic analysis of the current state of the legal systems, identifying the main problems and their causes. It then moves on to present UMCourt: a framework for testing and prototyping conflict resolution services. This framework was developed with the objective of using Artificial Intelligence techniques to build a service environment for conflict resolution. The third part of the book takes a step into the future by analyzing the use of Intelligent Environments in the support of conflict management and resolution. It describes the approach taken and the experiments performed in the Intelligent Systems Lab of the University of Minho. The final part of the book contains the conclusions and shows the potential advantages of the use of Intelligent Environments as a way to implement better conflict resolution procedures (virtual or real), in which all the participants have access to more and better information, and are able to take better informed decisions. .
Conflict management --- Dispute resolution (Law) --- Artificial intelligence --- Data processing. --- Law and legislation. --- ADR (Dispute resolution) --- Alternative dispute resolution --- Appropriate dispute resolution --- Collaborative law --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute processing --- Dispute settlement --- Justice, Administration of --- Mediation --- Neighborhood justice centers --- Third parties (Law) --- Conflict control --- Management of conflict --- Managing conflict --- Management --- Negotiation --- Problem solving --- Social conflict --- Crisis management --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer vision. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Fundamentals of Law. --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Law—Philosophy. --- Law. --- Optical data processing. --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Optical equipment
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The book presents a compilation of studies regarding applied geomechanics, mining, and excavation analysis and simulation. The material is suitable for presentation to senior undergraduate and post-graduate students in both mining and geological engineering. It should also be of interest to students of other aspects of Geomechanics and, notably, engineering geologists interested in mining and underground excavation design. Practising mining engineers and rock mechanics engineers involved in mine design may use the book profitably to obtain an appreciation of the current state of engineering knowledge in their area of specialisation. Papers were selected from the 5th GeoChina International Conference on Civil Infrastructures Confronting Severe Weathers and Climate Changes: From Failure to Sustainability, held in July 23-25, 2018 in Hang Zhou, China.
Geotechnical engineering --- Civil engineering --- Sustainable engineering --- Environmental aspects --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Computer simulation. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Simulation and Modeling. --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering—Geology. --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Flow of water --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Geology, Economic --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Flow --- Distribution --- Details --- Geology
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Geotechnical engineering --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2007, held in GuimarAes, Portugal, in December 2007 as eleven integrated workshops. The 58 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 210 submissions. In accordance with the eleven constituting workshops, the papers are organized in topical sections on general artificial intelligence (GAIW 2007), AI applications for sustainable transportation systems (AIASTS 2007), artificial life and evolutionary algorithms (ALEA 2007), ambient intelligence technologies and applications (AMITA 2007), building and applying ontologies for the semantic Web (BAOSW 2007), business intelligence (BI 2007), computational methods in bioinformatics and systems biology (CMBSB 2007), intelligent robotics (IROBOT 2007), multi-agent systems: theory and applications (MASTA 2007), search techniques for constraint satisfaction (STCS 2007), and text mining and applications (TEMA 2007).
Artificial intelligence --- Intelligence artificielle --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- Computer science. --- Computer programming. --- Computers. --- Database management. --- Data mining. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Database Management. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- Programming Techniques. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Database searching --- Data base management --- Data services (Database management) --- Database management services --- DBMS (Computer science) --- Generalized data management systems --- Services, Database management --- Systems, Database management --- Systems, Generalized database management --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Computers --- Electronic computer programming --- Electronic digital computers --- Programming (Electronic computers) --- Coding theory --- Informatics --- Science --- Programming --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Information storage and retrieval systems.
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