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This book presents two collaborative prediction approaches based on contextual representation and hierarchical representation, and their applications including context-aware recommendation, latent collaborative retrieval and click-through rate prediction. The proposed techniques offer significant improvements over current methods, the key determinants being the incorporated contextual representation and hierarchical representation. To provide a background to the core ideas presented, it offers an overview of contextual modeling and the theory of contextual representation and hierarchical representation, which are constructed for the joint interaction of entities and contextual information. The book offers a rich blend of theory and practice, making it a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners who need to construct systems of information retrieval, data mining and recommendation systems with contextual information.
Context-aware computing. --- Computer science. --- Data mining. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Context-aware pervasive systems --- Context-awareness (Computer science) --- Ubiquitous computing --- Global system for mobile communications --- Mobile computing --- Sensor networks --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Database searching --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software
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This book takes an in-depth look at the development of the private education sector in modern China. Readers will find valuable data and materials never before presented in such an accessible and transparent way, together with analyses of the major changes and challenges in the course of this development. The book is organized both chronologically and by topic: it employs a past-present-future order that unites the general arrangement; at the same time, each specific subject is approached historically, not only to show the origins of the problem, but also to link it with the historical-comparative context, in which the evaluation of alternative policy choices become highly viable. Further, the book provides a pioneering account of current problems, adopting a fresh perspective to address the most important aspects of Chinese private education reform. The elaboration on topics concerning private school assets, property rights, legal personality, school operators’ entrepreneurship, benefits and investment returns, school autonomy, and the development of teachers and students, is both empirically rich and highly insightful. The book’s content is chiefly derived from years of fieldwork in private schools and from extensive interviews with hundreds of policy makers, school operators, managers, teachers and students. Since these people are self-conscious about themselves as the actors in and witnesses to the development of Chinese private education over the past three decades, the book places great emphasis on neutrality, allowing the private education landscape to unfold in the context of the privatization of the socialist system after 1978. The book offers an essential guide for anyone who wishes to understand the transformation of Chinese education. It is highly recommendable as a detailed introduction to Chinese education, or as a resource for comparative research on private education from an international perspective.
Private schools --- Academies (Private schools) --- Independent schools --- Schools --- Administration, Organization and Leadership. --- Educational Policy and Politics. --- Teaching and Teacher Education. --- Learning & Instruction. --- School management and organization. --- School administration. --- Educational policy. --- Education and state. --- Teaching. --- Learning. --- Instruction. --- Administration, Educational --- Educational administration --- Inspection of schools --- Operation policies, School --- Policies, School operation --- School administration --- School inspection --- School operation policies --- School organization --- Education --- Management --- Organization --- Learning process --- Comprehension --- Didactics --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- School teaching --- Schoolteaching --- Instructional systems --- Pedagogical content knowledge --- Training --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Social policy --- Endowment of research --- Inspection --- Management and organization --- Government policy
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This book gathers selected original papers presented at the Sixth Beijing Normal University - University College London, Institute of Education International Conference in Education, a biennial event organised in partnership between this two universities. Readers will find a wealth of papers and reports on research involving schools and the initial and professional development of teachers, revealing links between research, policy and practice, while also analyzing key themes in education, including public goals and policies, pedagogy, curricula, organisation, resources and technologies, and institutional effectiveness. An essential guide for anyone who wishes to understand the main issues involved in mobilities of ideas, people and technology in the field of education, the book offers an extensive introduction, and can also be used as a resource for empirical and conceptual research into related issues.
Education --- Educational workshops --- Workshops in education --- International education . --- Comparative education. --- Educational technology. --- Educational sociology . --- Education and sociology. --- International and Comparative Education. --- Educational Technology. --- Sociology of Education. --- Education and sociology --- Social problems in education --- Society and education --- Sociology, Educational --- Sociology --- Instructional technology --- Technology in education --- Technology --- Educational innovations --- Instructional systems --- Teaching --- Education, Comparative --- Global education --- Intellectual cooperation --- Internationalism --- Aims and objectives --- Aids and devices --- History
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This book describes the algorithms, validation and preliminary analysis of the Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) products, a long-term, high-quality dataset that is now freely available worldwide to government organizations and agencies, scientific research institutions, students and members of the general public. The GLASS products include leaf area index, broadband albedo, broadband emissivity, downward shortwave radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. The first three GLASS products cover 1981 to 2012 with 1km and 5km spatial resolutions and 8-day temporal resolution, and the last two GLASS products span 2008 to 2010 with 3-hour temporal resolution and 5km spatial resolution. These GLASS products are unique. The first three are spatially continuous and cover the longest period of time among all current similar satellite products. The other two products are the highest spatial-resolution global radiation products from satellite observations that are currently available. These products can be downloaded from Beijing Normal University at http://glass-product.bnu.edu.cn/ and the University of Maryland Global Land Cover Facility at http://www.glcf.umd.edu/ The GLASS products are the outcome of a key research project entitled “Generation & Applications of Global Products of Essential Land Variables”, supported by funding from the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China and involving dozens of institutions and nearly one hundred scientists and researchers. Following an introduction, the book contains five chapters corresponding to these five GLASS products: background, algorithm, quality control and validation, preliminary analysis and applications. It discusses the long-term environmental changes detected from the GLASS products and other data sources at both global and local scales and also provides detailed analysis of regional hotspots where environmental changes are mainly associated with climate change, drought, land-atmosphere interactions, and human activities. The book is based primarily on a set of published journal papers about these five GLASS products and includes updated information. Since these products have now begun to be widely used, this book is an essential reference document. It is also a very helpful resource to anyone interested in satellite remote sensing and its applications. .
Remote sensing. --- Earth sciences --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Geography. --- Environmental sciences. --- Physical geography. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Physical Geography. --- Environmental Science and Engineering. --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Geography --- Environmental science --- Science --- Cosmography --- World history
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This book constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Conference on 5G for Future Wireless Networks, 5GWN 2019, held in Changsa, China, in February 2019. The 13 full papers were selected from 34 submissions and present the state of the art and practical applications of 5G technologies. The papers are arranged thematically on optimization theory and applications, intelligent computing technology for 5G applications, resource allocation and management, and security and privacy in emerging 5G applications.
Software engineering. --- Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems. --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Mobile communication systems. --- Vehicles --- Vehicular communication systems --- Radio --- Wireless communication systems --- Communication systems --- Special purpose computers. --- Special purpose computers --- Computers
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This book introduces readers to the status quo and recent advances in China’s low-carbon development. From the evolution of human civilization, to the proposal of low-carbon concepts, up to the choice of China’s low-carbon path, the book provides a comprehensive review of low-carbon development, while also elaborating on the core concept, goals and methods. In addition, it addresses a series of questions and issues closely tied to today’s social development, such as: “Why is it so vital to pursue low-carbon development?” and “How can China implement low-carbon development?” Accordingly, readers will gain a better grasp of low-carbon development, including low-carbon production and low-carbon lifestyles.
Sustainable development --- Environmental engineering. --- Biotechnology. --- Energy efficiency. --- Climate change. --- Environmental management. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Energy Efficiency. --- Climate Change. --- Environmental Management. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Consumption of energy --- Energy efficiency --- Fuel consumption --- Fuel efficiency --- Power resources --- Energy conservation --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Environmental health --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Sustainable engineering --- Environmental aspects --- Global environmental change
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Subject and rationale of the research projectLiver Transplantation (LTx) has become the preferred method to treat end-stage liver disease. The persistent donor organ shortage and the mortality on the waiting list encourage an increasing use of Expanded Criteria Donors (ECD), such as donors with hepatic steatosis, and Donors after Cardiac Death (DCD). However; these ECD and DCD livers induce a higher risk of graft dysfunction after LTx compared to ideal livers. An accurate and objective evaluation on the viability of these livers prior to LTx is thus necessary to avoid transplantation of livers likely to fail as well as to avoid discarding livers that were transplantable. Currently, the standard evaluation to accept or discard liver grafts for transplantation is the transplant surgeons subjective estimation based on donors profile and biochemical data, macroscopic appearance of livers, and sometimes microscopic examination. Objective criteria to evaluate liver viability are still lacking. In order to define objective markers reflecting liver viability, we investigated whether - similar to the kidney - such markers could be obtained during Hypothermic Machine Perfusion (HMP) preservation. HMP is regarded as a superior preservation method compared to simple cold storage, the current gold standard preservation for all solid organs (other than kidneys). The aim of this research project was to delineate whether objective markers reflecting liver graft viability could be identified during HMP preservation. For this study, we used DCD livers in a previously validated porcine model and human livers discarded for transplantation. The parameters measured in this study are listed in Table 1. The aims of this study were1. to optimize liver procurement to preserve maximal liver viability (avoiding any bias of procurement on the viability testing),2. to optimize liver HMP preservation (avoiding any bias of the preservation on the viability testing),3. to evaluate DCD liver viability during HMP by using apparent diffusion coefficient, 4. to evaluate DCD liver viability by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy on the HMP perfusate, 5. to evaluate DCD liver viability by developing a damage index based on biochemical compounds in perfusate and vascular resistance during HMP,6. to evaluate the viability of human livers discarded for clinical transplantation using the biochemical compounds in perfusate and vascular resistance during HMP. Summary of the results1. Liver procurement was optimized to preserve maximal liver viability by eliminating intra-hepatic air embolism. Leaving hepatic vasculature open to air during procurement and back-table preparation caused a substantial amount of intra-hepatic air emboli resulting in insufficiently perfused liver parenchyma. This phenomenon was not observed when the hepatic vasculature remained closed by vascular clamps after flush-out until the start of the HMP. Consequently, for the experiments on porcine liver viability in this thesis, the hepatic vasculature was left occluded during preservation and back-table preparation to avoid intra-hepatic air embolism compromising liver perfusion and thus viability.2. Liver HMP setting was optimized by adding oxygen to the perfusate and by reducing the flow and pressure in hydrodynamics, applying a mild total hepatic flow of 0.5ml/g liver/min. This resulted in better preservation of intracellular adenosine triphosphate contents and a better preserved liver morphology at the end of HMP. Consequently, this HMP setting was applied for the subsequent experiments on porcine livers.3. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) was found to be a sensitive marker for hepatic in vivo Warm Ischemia (WI), in contrast to ex vivo HMP. The decrease of ADC during hepatic WI in vivo was similar (the first 30min of WI period) to the decrease observed during cerebral ischemia. The lack of sensitivity of ADC during HMP ex vivo might be due to the (i) absence of inflammatory cells, (ii) flushed-out congestion and coagulation in the sinusoids, and (iii) artificial maintenance of extracellular space and sinusoid dilatation caused by HMP itself. 4. Alanine and histidine in HMP perfusate were identified to be able to discriminate non-viable DCD livers from viable livers in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a screening tool for the HMP perfusate. These two compounds were significantly higher in the WI-group at the end of HMP, which presumably resulted from the WI-induced hepatocellular damage/leakage. 5. Biochemical compounds - pH, Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Liver-Fatty Acid Binding Protein (L-FABP) - in perfusate and vascular resistance during HMP were clarified as potential markers on DCD liver viability. Curve-fitting of the changing levels of pH, AST, L-FABP and arterial resistance during HMP provided ß-coefficients that can be used as viability indicators. These ß-coefficients also allowed a flexible sampling time during HMP and thus a better clinical applicability. An index, referred to as damage index, combining these ß-coefficients in a mathematical equation [damage index = 37 * ßAST + 257 * ßpH 2] had higher sensitivity and specificity to discriminate viability of DCD livers compared to single parameter and predicted the risk of subsequent primary non-function as observed previously in our lab. 6. We eventually translated these experimental findings into a clinical setting by testing these parameters for human livers discarded for clinical use (first in man study of its kind). Similar to the porcine model, AST released in the perfusate during HMP was found to discriminate absolutely not from potentially transplantable livers and appeared a promising parameter to evaluate viability during HMP and prior to transp
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