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Profit-sharing --- Labor productivity --- Job satisfaction --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Industrial Management --- Occupational satisfaction --- Work satisfaction --- Quality of work life --- Satisfaction --- Job enrichment --- Labor output --- Productivity of labor --- Industrial productivity --- Capital productivity --- Hours of labor --- Labor time --- Productivity bargaining --- Deferred profit sharing plans --- Profit sharing plans --- Employee fringe benefits --- Incentives in industry --- Wages --- Cooperation --- Producer cooperatives --- E-books --- #SBIB:316.334.2A536 --- #SBIB:HIVA --- Organisatiesociologie: studies over bedrijven, management en aandeelhouders --- United States --- United States of America --- Labor productivity. --- Job satisfaction.

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To what extent are people with disabilities fully included in economic, political and social life? People with disabilities have faced a long history of exclusion, stigma and discrimination, but have made impressive gains in the past several decades. These gains include the passage of major civil rights legislation and the adoption of the 2006 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This book provides an overview of the progress and continuing disparities faced by people with disabilities around the world, reviewing hundreds of studies and presenting new evidence from analysis of surveys and interviews with disability leaders. It shows the connections among economic, political and social inclusion, and how the experience of disability can vary by gender, race and ethnicity. It uses a multidisciplinary approach, drawing on theoretical models and research in economics, political science, psychology, disability studies, law and sociology.

People with disabilities --- Disabilities --- Social medicine --- Psychology --- Social aspects --- Social medicine. --- Psychology. --- Social aspects. --- Law --- General and Others --- Medical care --- Medical sociology --- Medicine --- Medicine, Social --- Public health --- Public welfare --- Sociology --- Medical ethics --- Medical sociologists --- Disability --- Disabling conditions --- Handicaps --- Impairment --- Physical disabilities --- Physical handicaps --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Animals with disabilities --- People with disabilities - Psychology --- Disabilities - Social aspects

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Existing research tends to show that profit-sharing plans for employees are associated with higher company productivity and profitability, though the causality and mechanisms are unclear. This study uses new data from a survey of 500 U.S. public companies, and panel data on corporate performance, to examine the relationship between productivity measures and the adoption and presence of profit sharing. Controlling for a variety of influences on productivity, profit sharing adoption is found to be associated with average productivity increases of 4-5%, with no subsequent positive or negative trend. The productivity increase is dispersed; it is found to be larger for small companies and for cash plans, and to be unaffected when controlling for personnel policies which may affect productivity. There is, however, no evidence on the mechanisms through which profit sharing may affect productivity, since there are no strong interactions with information-sharing or other policies in affecting productivity.

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Employee ownership in U.S. companies has grown substantially in the past 20 years. This paper reviews and provides some meta-analyses on the accumulated evidence concerning the prevalence, causes, and effects of employee ownership, covering 25 studies of employee attitudes and behaviors, and 27 studies of productivity and profitability (with both cross-sectional and pre/post comparisons). Attitudinal and behavioral studies tend to find higher employee commitment among employee-owners but mixed results on satisfaction, motivation, and other measures. Perceived participation in decisions is not in itself automatically increased through employee ownership, but may interact positively with employee ownership in affecting attitudes. While few studies individually find clear links between employee ownership and firm performance, meta-analyses favor an overall positive association with performance for ESOPs and for several cooperative features. The dispersed results among attitudinal and performance studies indicate the importance of firm-level employee relations, human resource policies, and other circumstances.

Employee attitude surveys. --- Employee ownership. --- Employees --- Attitudes

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The relative decline of defined benefit (DB) pension plans, and growth of defined contribution (DC) plans, has been often noted but not extensively explored. This paper reports on the construction of a new longitudinal company-based dataset on pension plans for the years 1980-86 (including all U.S. companies with large plans, and a 10% sample of companies with small plans, within this period). Among the findings are that the decline in DB coverage is primarily due to fewer participants in companies maintaining such plans, while very little of the growth in DC coverage is due to companies terminating DB plans. Also, multinomial logit analysis of manufacturing company choices indicates that the higher administrative costs of DB plans play a statistically significant, but small, role in their decline, while new pension adopters in less stable industries are more likely to choose DC plans.