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Book
Fiscal decentralisation and inclusive growth in Asia
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9264897909 9264469958 Year: 2019 Publisher: Paris, France : Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development,

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Abstract

"This report looks at the challenges faced by Asian countries in addressing inclusive growth and fiscal decentralisation. A series of studies examines how policies in the region have evolved in accordance with changes in demography and the economic environment, reflecting country characteristics, history and political economy forces."--Back cover.


Book
International Comparisons of R&D Expenditure : Does an R&D PPP Make a Difference?
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2007 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research

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Purchasing power parities (PPPs) for R&D expenditure in 19 manufacturing industries are developed for France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom relative to the United States for the years 1997 and 1987. These PPPs are based on R&D input prices for specific cost categories and differ substantially from current practice of comparing R&D expenditure using GDP PPPs and deflators. After taking into account differences in the relative price of R&D labor and materials, separate PPPs for other R&D cost categories are less essential, and a simpler version using GDP PPPs for these other categories should suffice. Our preferred PPPs are used to compare international R&D costs and intensity. The results suggest that the efforts devoted to R&D in each country are more similar across countries than is apparent using the nominal R&D intensities that are currently the norm.

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