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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are revolutionizing the world in a way their original developers never envisaged.  From being military “war” tools, GNSS satellites are rapidly becoming “peace” tools that play a potentially critical role in enabling changing environmental phenomenon that do not permit direct measurements to be remotely observed via their all-weather, highly accurate and continuously updatable positional time series.  This is evident, for example, in their use in emerging environmental monitoring methods that are considered in this book. These include: GPS-based radio telemetry, which is enhancing ecological and conservation monitoring by more accurately mapping animal movements, their behaviours, and  their impact on the environment; GNSS-meteorology, which is contributing to weather and climate change studies;  GNSS-remote sensing, which, for example, allows the rapid monitoring of changes in fresh water resources and cryosphere; Geosensor network techniques, which are earning a crucial role in disaster response management; Epidemiology, for improved efficiency in tracking and studying the spread of infectious diseases and climate change effects on vector-borne diseases; and Economics, to provide data for the econometric modelling of  casual impact of policies. In Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA), and Sustainability Assessments (SA), GNSS, together with other spaced-based remote sensing techniques, are emerging, not only as modern tools that connect the developers to the community, but also provide information that support Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) methods, which inform decision making and policy formulations. By bringing the two fields of geodesy (the parent of GNSS technology) and environmental studies (potential users of this technology), this book presents the concepts of GNSS in a simplified way that can, on the one hand, be understood and utilised by environmentalists, while on the other, outlines its potential applications to environmental monitoring and management for those engaged more with its technology, which hopefully will further energise the already innovative research that is being carried out.  Lastly, this book is most relevant to all the professionals whose work is related to the environment such as hydrologists, meteorologists, epidemiologists, economist, and engineers, to name just a few. A comprehensive yet candid and compelling presentation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems and its application to environmental monitoring and a host of other socio-economic activities. This is an essential and new ground breaking reading for all professional practitioners and even academics seeking to study and become involved in using Global Navigation Satellite Systems in diverse fields ranging from environmental monitoring to economic activities such as monitoring weather and climate in order to design crop failure insurance.   Nathaniel O. Agola, Professor of Business and Financial Economics, Ritsumeikan University, Japan  .

Environmental monitoring -- Geographic information systems. --- Global Positioning System. --- Environmental monitoring --- Global Positioning System --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Environmental Sciences --- Geographic information systems --- Geographic information systems. --- Global Navigation Satellite System --- GNSS (Navigational system) --- GPS (Navigational system) --- Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System --- NAVSTAR GPS --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Environment. --- Environmental management. --- Nature conservation. --- Water pollution. --- Environmental Management. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Nature Conservation. --- Artificial satellites in navigation --- Mobile geographic information systems --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Environmental pollution. --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Conservation --- Environmental aspects --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc.

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This book employs a suite of remotely sensed products and advanced technologies to provide the first comprehensive space-based sensing of Lake Victoria, the world’s second largest freshwater lake that supports a livelihood of more than 42 million people, modulates regional climate, but faces myriads of challenges. Proper understanding of the lake and changes in its physical dynamics (e.g., water level, shorelines and areal dynamics) resulting from the impacts of climate variation and climate change as well as anthropogenic (e.g., hydropower and irrigation) is important for its management as well as for strategic development before, during and after climate extremes (e.g., floods and droughts) in order to inform policy formulations, planning and mitigation measures. Owing to its sheer size, and lack of research resources commitment by regional governments that hamper its observations, however, it is a daunting task to undertake studies on Lake Victoria relying solely on in-situ “boots on the ground” measurements, which are sparse, missing in most cases, inconsistent or restricted by governmental red tapes. The book is useful to those in water resources management and policy formulations, hydrologists, environmentalists, engineers and researchers.

Hydrogeology. --- Environmental management. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Sustainable development. --- Climate change. --- Remote sensing. --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Sustainable Development. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Groundwater --- Environmental aspects --- Measurement --- Monitoring

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While preparing and teaching ‘Introduction to Geodesy I and II’ to - dergraduate students at Stuttgart University, we noticed a gap which motivated the writing of the present book: Almost every topic that we taughtrequiredsomeskillsinalgebra,andinparticular,computeral- bra! From positioning to transformation problems inherent in geodesy and geoinformatics, knowledge of algebra and application of computer algebra software were required. In preparing this book therefore, we haveattemptedtoputtogetherbasicconceptsofabstractalgebra which underpin the techniques for solving algebraic problems. Algebraic c- putational algorithms useful for solving problems which require exact solutions to nonlinear systems of equations are presented and tested on various problems. Though the present book focuses mainly on the two ?elds,theconceptsand techniquespresented hereinarenonetheless- plicable to other ?elds where algebraic computational problems might be encountered. In Engineering for example, network densi?cation and robotics apply resection and intersection techniques which require - gebraic solutions. Solution of nonlinear systems of equations is an indispensable task in almost all geosciences such as geodesy, geoinformatics, geophysics (just to mention but a few) as well as robotics. These equations which require exact solutions underpin the operations of ranging, resection, intersection and other techniques that are normally used. Examples of problems that require exact solutions include; • three-dimensional resection problem for determining positions and orientation of sensors, e. g. , camera, theodolites, robots, scanners etc. , VIII Preface • coordinate transformation to match shapes and sizes of points in di?erent systems, • mapping from topography to reference ellipsoid and, • analytical determination of refraction angles in GPS meteorology.

Geodesy --- Geomatics. --- Mathematics. --- Earth sciences --- Information science --- Surveying --- Physical geography. --- Geography. --- Geographical information systems. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- Geography, general. --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Cosmography --- World history --- Geography --- Geophysics. --- Earth sciences. --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics

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There is no doubt that today, perhaps more than ever before, humanity faces a myriad of complex and demanding challenges. These include natural resource depletion and environmental degradation, food and water insecurity, energy shortages, diminishing biodiversity, increasing losses from natural disasters, and climate change with its associated potentially devastating consequences, such as rising sea levels. These human-induced and natural impacts on the environment need to be well understood in order to develop informed policies, decisions, and remedial measures to mitigate current and future negative impacts. To achieve this, continuous monitoring and management of the environment to acquire data that can be soundly and rigorously analyzed to provide information about its current state and changing patterns, and thereby allow predictions of possible future impacts, are essential. Developing pragmatic and sustainable solutions to address these and many other similar challenges requires the use of geodata and the application of geoinformatics. This book presents the concepts and applications of geoinformatics, a multidisciplinary field that has at its core different technologies that support the acquisition, analysis and visualization of geodata for environmental monitoring and management. We depart from the 4D to the 5D data paradigm, which defines geodata accurately, consistently, rapidly and completely, in order to be useful without any restrictions in space, time or scale to represent a truly global dimension of the digital Earth. The book also features the state-of-the-art discussion of Web-GIS. The concepts and applications of geoinformatics presented in this book will be of benefit to decision-makers across a wide range of fields, including those at environmental agencies, in the emergency services, public health and epidemiology, crime mapping, environmental management agencies, tourist industry, market analysis and e-commerce, or mineral exploration, among many others. The title and subtitle of this textbook convey a distinct message. Monitoring -the passive part in the subtitle - refers to observation and data acquisition, whereas management - the active component - stands for operation and performance. The topic is our environment, which is intimately related to geoinformatics. The overall message is: all the mentioned elements do interact and must not be separated.  Hans-Peter B ahr, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.h.c., Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany.

Environmental geology. --- Geodesy. --- Geographic information systems. --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Environmental Sciences --- Geography. --- Remote sensing. --- Earth sciences. --- Geosciences --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Degrees of latitude and longitude --- Geodetics --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Geoecology --- Environmental sciences. --- Earth Sciences. --- Environmental Science and Engineering. --- Environmental Monitoring/Analysis. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Geophysics --- Geomatics --- Mathematical geography --- Surveying --- Environmental protection --- Physical geology --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Geography --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Environmental science --- Science --- Measurement --- Monitoring

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``We are the first generation to feel the impact of climate change, and the last generation that can do something about it.'' US President Obama's address to the United Nations on Climate Change and Global warming (2015) This book offers a new framework that facilitates the development of more intelligent systems and methods for data analysis and international information sharing, such as the use of satellite imaging and geospatial data to predict changes in weather conditions and shifts in water levels, and to assess the extent of the forest cover remaining on Earth that is visible from space. It brings together the many aspects of science and technology, as well as formula and analytical approaches required for more informed decision-making. It also highlights the vital importance of understanding the technological, economic and social dimensions of environmental projects that have short-term results and long-term impacts. It is unique in that it clearly distinguishes between environmental project management (EnvPM) and green project management (GreenPM), and presents an amalgamation of environmental management and project management concepts, using geospatial methods to form an EnvPM concept. The book sets a benchmark for the professionalism with which environmental projects should be planned, executed, monitored, assessed and delivered. While primarily intended for professionals responsible for the management of environmental projects or interested in improving the overall efficiency of such projects, it is also a useful handbook for managers in the private, public and non-for-profit sectors. It is a valuable resource for students at both undergraduate and master’s levels and an indispensable guide for anyone wanting to develop their skills in modern project management, environmental management and geospatial techniques. This book provides an in-depth, well-researched and science-based approach to applying key project-management and spatial tools and practices in environmental projects. An important read for leaders considering projects that balance social-economic growth against minimising its ill-effects on Planet Earth. - Todd Hutchison, Global Chairman of Peopleistic group.

Geology, economic. --- Environmental Sciences --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Project management --- Environmental management. --- Environmental aspects. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Industrial project management --- Earth sciences. --- Fossil fuels. --- Economic geology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Earth Sciences. --- Environmental Science and Engineering. --- Fossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture). --- Economic Geology. --- Management --- Environmental sciences --- Economic geology --- Physical geology --- Mines and mineral resources --- Ingeniería Ambiental --- Combustibles fósiles --- Libros electrónicos --- Fossil energy --- Fuel --- Energy minerals --- Environmental science --- Science --- Geology, Economic.