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Lay Activism and the High Church Movement of the Late Eighteenth Century: The Life and Thought of William Stevens, 1732-1807 , by Robert M. Andrews, is the first full-length study of Stevens’ life and thought. Historiographically revisionist and contextualised within a neglected history of lay High Church activism, Andrews presents Stevens as an influential High Church layman who brought to Anglicanism not only his piety and theological learning, but his wealth and business acumen. With extensive social links to numerous High Church figures in late Georgian Britain, Stevens’ lay activism is shown to be central to the achievements and effectiveness of the wider High Church movement during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

Laity --- High Church movement --- Christian laity --- Laymen --- Church polity --- Lay ministry --- Church of England --- History --- Stevens, William, --- A. I. N. --- N., A. I. --- United Church of England and Ireland --- Anglican Church --- Anglikanskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Ecclesia Anglicana --- Kirche von England --- England --- Church history

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Metaphysics --- Métaphysique --- Early works to 1800. --- Ouvrages avant 1800 --- Aristotle. --- Métaphysique

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Robert Greystones on Certainty and Skepticism: Selections from His Works is a continuation of the volume previously published by Auctores Britannici Medii Aevi, Robert Greystones on the Freedom of the Will: Selections from His Commentary on the Sentences (edited by Mark O Henninger, with Robert Andrews and Jennifer Ottman, 2017). In the course of preparation of the first volume, startling information arose concerning the nature and extent of Greystones' skepticism. Following draft editions of a number of Greystones' Sentences commentary questions, the most relevant five questions were selected for editing and translation. Greystones is in the tradition of Nicholas of Autrecourt, William Crathorn, Monachus Niger (the Black Monk), Nicholas Aston, and John Went, but the earliest of these figures. Building upon the 69th proposition of the Condemnation of 1277, Greystones concludes that God's unlimited power must lead to a radical skepticism about human knowledge. We cannot be certain whether we are in this life or the afterlife, in a body or not. We cannot be certain about the existence of any external object. We have no certain knowledge of cause and effect, the existence of substances, or of any contingent event. Like Descartes, Greystones held that we can be certain about our own existence (ego sum). But preempting Descartes' appeal to a beneficent, non-deceptive God, Greystones says: God does not deceive. But you deceive yourself if you insist on believing that something exists when you know that it might not! You know that God can intervene at any instant, and thus that you can never completely trust your senses. Greystones' skepticism is strikingly significant in light of the later historical development of philosophy.

Certainty --- Certainty. --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Skepticism --- Skepticism. --- Skeptizismus. --- History --- Robertus, --- Greystones, Robert, --- To 1500. --- Skepticism - Early works to 1800 --- Certainty - Early works to 1800 --- Knowledge, Theory of - Early works to 1800 --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Skepticism - History - To 1500 --- Robertus de Graystanes ca. um 1336 --- Greystones, Robert, - approximately 1289-1334